Discuss Evolutionary Explanations of Group Display

15497 Words62 Pages
Discuss evolutionary explanations of group display in humans, e.g. sport and warfare. (8 marks + 16 marks) You should outline and evaluate relevant explanations, such as xenophobia and territoriality in sports, and mate competition and group commitment in warfare. Sports and warfare are only suggestions though; other explanations can also be used. Make sure you emphasise the 'evolutionary' part in your answer. Xenophobia is often present in sports events, with racist chants and signals often exhibited in the crowds of football matches. Many psychologists believe that natural selection has favoured the genes which cause humans to be altruistic towards members of their own group but intolerant towards outsiders. This may be because it would have prompted our ancestors to be suspicious towards strangers, helping them to avoid attack. Another explanation for the evolution of group displays in sport is based on territoriality, the protective response to an invasion of one's territory. Studies have revealed that sports players feel a greater burden in matches when 'defending the home territory', and some teams use aggressive displays to intimidate their opponents. Such displays may have been adaptive for our ancestors because they allowed groups to defend valuable resources associated with their territory. Foldesi has provided evidence to support the link between xenophobia and violent displays among Hungarian football crowds. He found that the racist conduct of a core of extremist supporters led to an increase in spectators' violence in general. There are real-world applications of research into the link between sports and xenophobia. Many football teams have taken step to minimise xenophobia within sports. Some football teams have also made contributions to local ethnic communities and have donated to anti-racism charities. The 'home advantage' in sports

More about Discuss Evolutionary Explanations of Group Display

Open Document