Cybernetics and Social Construction

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Cybernetics and Social Construction People seek out or are sent to therapy for numerous reasons; but no one understand what it takes to have a successful therapy session. During each developmental stage of therapy, key tasks must be completed before advancing to the next stage, failure to do so may jeopardize the consultation process. (Carr, 2000, p. 197) Guise (2009, p.72) stated that there are changes that take place during the treatment process in family therapy which are classified as first-order cybernetics or second-order cybernetics. During first-order change family patterns of interaction or sequences are altered at the behavioral level only but through second-order change the underlying beliefs or premises that govern family members’ behavior or promote specific reactions are altered. In general cybernetics in family therapy is “the study of how systems are controlled by information and feedback loops and the means by which they work.” (Guise, 2011, p. 11) Keeney and Ross (1983) described cybernetics as being a system which encompasses a recursive, complementary relation between processes of change and stability”. The cybernetics theory was “adapted from biology, computers, communication theory, and mathematics and applied to human social systems.” (Cybernetics, 2004, para. 1) Cybernetics was “taken from the Greek kybernetes, which means steersman and also referred to as “control mechanisms that provide feedback to the primary system.” The cybernetics theory was constructed during the “1940’s by a set of researchers who attempted to know the world by studying organization, pattern and process instead of matter, material and content. (Guise, 2009, p. 20) Cybernetic is the key component in the development of family therapy include “self-reference, feedback patterns, homeostasis, and self-autonomy. Cybernetics is primarily concerned with
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