Contemporary Social Issues

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Contemporary Sociological Theory: SOCI337 Assignment 1-Topic 1 Structural functionalism dominated American sociology until the mid -1960s. Outline the basic assumptions, key concepts, and major representatives of the structural functionalist tradition. Discuss the different types of criticisms that have been made of structural functionalism and ways in which structural functionalist have tried to respond to these criticisms. Ensure that your essay demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the relevant course readings. ____________________________________________________________ ______ Structural functionalism theory was regarded as the single most focused, praised and highly regard theory in the discipline of sociology until its decline in the 1960. Structural functionalism is a method of analysis or study used to understand how society, organizations and groups operate in terms of order, interrelations and balance. In short, it addresses all aspects of the social structure. The major representatives of the structural functionalist traditions are Talcott Parsons and Robert Nisbet. While both Parsons and Nisbet are major representatives of structural functionalism, they both have different approaches and conclusions regarding structural functionalism. Parsons postulates that every society needs 'systems' in order to function properly. There are four functions and system-levels that Parsons developed. Parsons' AGIL scheme addresses structures and systems. The major functions and\or levels that any social system must perform if a system is to maintain itself are, “adaptation,” “goal attainment,” integration,” and “latent pattern maintenance” (Parsons and Smelser, 1956:16-19). Parsons asserts that the functions must be performed at each “system level,” where “a complex social system consists of a network of interdependent and interpenetrating
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