Evaluate 3 Approaches to treating Mental Disorders: Psychodynamic, Biological and Behavioural Approach. When looking at the treatment of people with mental health issues there have been various methods tried, some having limited success and some having long term success, in this essay I shall discuss the three listed in the title along with the benefits and weaknesses of each. Psychodynamic Approach: The concept of the psychodynamic approach is to explain behaviour in terms of the forces that drive it. The best known example of this approach is Freud’s theory of personality, although there are many other psychodynamic theories based on Freud’s ideas. Sigmund Freud was the first to challenge the view that mental disorders were caused by physical illness and proposed that psychological factors were responsible for the illness.
This is the contradicting of Jung. Jung has analysis himself to experience the unconscious through his dreams and fantasia Jung believe that he was strong enough to make dangerous journey and come back to talk about it. His goal was to understand the unconscious from the purpose viewpoint of scientist. Ellis thoughts are that society is more disturbs and it more inclusive and exact “people disturb themselves by thing that have happen to them. And by the view, feelings, and actions” (p16) Horney’s (1950) also Adler writes that our Emotional reactions and lifestyle are associated with our basic beliefs and are therefore cognitively created.
They both studied different ideas, and preached different views about how our mind functioned. While Maslow focused on the humanistic aspect of our personality, Jung focused on the psychoanalytic aspect. However, they were both inspired by two great people. Carl Jung was deeply influenced by Sigmund Freud who happens to be the father of psychoanalysis. Though he dismissed Freudian theory that stated that human personality was defined by their sexual drive and desires, he established that we have 2 states of unconscious.
In this essay Freud sets out his theory of psychosexual development. He asserts that there is in all humans an innate drive or instinct for pleasure, a sort of psychic energy, which he calls the libido and this energy needs to be discharged. He then goes on to describe how this drive finds outlet at the earliest stages of life, as babies, toddlers and infants and describes the oral, anal and phallic stages and the psychological effects of fixation at these stages. It is important to note that Freud separated sexual aims and objectives. His work on sexuality and perversions led to the wider theory of sexuality whereby he differentiated the sexual aim (the desire for pleasure) and the object (the person or thing used to fulfil the desire).
Freud assumed that our behavior is caused by unconscious thoughts, our desires and impulses which is also how human behaviour is explained in the psychodynamic approach. Psychodynamic approach concentrates on many different factors that may have caused psychological distress, such as childhood experiences, our current and past relationships and exploring the things we do without even being aware of it. Another very important and powerful tool is to use this therapy to interpret the transference relationship. The psychodynamic counselling sessions are more dynamic as the therapist is trying to help the patient in fewer sessions possible comparing to psychoanalysis. This is why the counselor usually presents himself as a ‘blank screen’ and lets the client act out and projects his feelings on to the therapist.
Unit 2- Psychoanalytic Theory- Discussion The psychoanalytical personality theory is the theory developed by Sigmund Freud arguing that the human mind is structured into two parts. These two parts are the unconscious and conscious mind (Friedman & Schustack 2012). This theory focuses on what we as humans can remember and can easily bring into awareness and what we can’t bring into awareness without something triggering us to remember it. The focus of Freud’s theory is that much of what we dream is our unconscious thoughts and desires that affect our human behavior without even realizing it. Freud believed that “dreams are similar to icebergs—a little piece floats above the surface but much more is hidden underneath” (Friedman & Schustack 2012).
They may say they hear voices telling them what to do. Schizophrenia is one type of psychosis, it is a lack of insight, and they hallucinate, and have feelings of persecution. They may have suffered damage to their personalities as a child, which makes them powerless to control their impulses. They go with their need without thinking about if it’s right or wrong or the
Freud believed there are two factors that drive the personality, libido and aggression. Psychoanalytic perspective also suggests there are three parts of personality to any one person, the id, ego, and superego. The id is the complete unconscious of a person. Everyone starts life with just the id as their personality, the ego and superego emerge later. The id is the part of a personality that is the urge to have needs met instantaneously.
Rather than sexual intercourse, Freud became more interested with the way in which things feel good to the skin. To fill his interest, he established the psychosexual development theory in 1905, which served as the center for the psychoanalytic sexual drive theory. He claimed that sexual drive is not only present in adults, but in toddlers and infants as well. Within the theory, there are five different stages; the oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stage. During his research, Freud discovered the large effects that past experiences can have on personality development.
3. Personality is shaped by the manner in which children cope with sexual urges. According to psychoanalytic theory, personalities arise because of attempts to resolve conflicts between unconscious sexual and aggressive impulses and societal demands to restrain these impulses. The Iceberg Theory The metaphor of an iceberg helps in the understanding of Freud's topographical theory. Only a small amount 10% of the iceberg is visible (conscious awareness) whereas the other 90% is beneath the water made up of subconscious and the unconscious.