Robert Hooke: He discovered the Law of Elasticity and created the microscope. Anton van Leeuwenhoek: One of the first people to discover cells. He is also known for his improvements to the microscope. Mathias Schleiden: He was a co-founder of the cell theory
Unit 4222-265 Causes and spread of infection (ICO2) Understand the causes of infection 1. The differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites Bacteria belong to a group of single celled microorganisms which are classified as prokaryotes i.e. they do not have membrane bound organelles. They have no true nucleus as the DNA is not contained within a membrane or separated from the rest of the cell, but is coiled up in a region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid and the cell is surrounded by a cell wall an outer covering that protects the bacterial cell and gives it shape. Viruses are infectious agents, often highly host-specific, consisting of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat.
Not enclosed in a special nuclear membrane. Appear in several shapes; bacillus rod-like, coccus spherical or ovoid, spiral corkscrew or curved star-shaped or square. Individual bacteria may form pairs, chains, clusters, or other groupings; such formations are usually characteristic of a particular genus or species of bacteria. Bacteria grown in a given time in media are called a culture. A pure culture is often a clone, a population of cells from a single
My bacterial plates did not grow any bacteria because our sterilization may have been eliminated. 2. LB/A/X+: There should have been a colony of bacteria with several splotches of blue because to new bacteria was created with the pBlu gene. LB/A/X-:There should have been bacterial growth because we put bacteria there and fed it. LB+:There should have been bacterial growth but no blue colonies because there was an anti-biotic acting against it.
Bacteria reproduces by most commonly occurs by a kind of cell division called binary fission. Binary fission results in the formation of two bacterial cells that are genetically identical. 6. The Archaea these microbes are prokaryotes, meaning that they have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles within their cells. 7.
They thus contain only half of the genetic material common to the animal's cells and have not yet undergone any development. 3. Removal of Egg's Nucleus As the genetic material that is present in the egg cells is not what scientists want the cloned animal to have, and as having multiple nuclei in the same cell can cause many problems for the cloning process, scientists must extract the egg cell's nucleus. They do this through a method similar to the method used to isolate the donor cell's nucleus, only they discard the egg's
C) The average size of a bacteria is between the diameter of 0.5 to 5 µm. A bacteria reproduces asexually. The cell divides by binary fission, the DNA replicates itself and then they are divided into two identical cells. Some bacteria make their own food and some rely on a supply of ready made food. VIRUS A) labelled B) Viruses are not cells and are not made from cells.
Chapter 7 – Honors Biology Test Review 1. Who named the cell? What was he looking at? 2. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory and who contributed to each part? 3.
To confirm this idea, Marshall Nirenberg used a synthetic RNA containing only one kind of base. What question was his experiment attempting to answer? 8. Briefly describe Seymour Benzer’s experiment that answered the question: “Do mutations in the DNA sequence of a gene correlate with protein changes?” 9. Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei used mRNA made up of repeating uracil nucleotides in a cell free extract.
4. Yeasts are growing in two dishes. You treat one with a chemical that blocks DNA replication but forget to label it. How can you identify the treated dish? One dish will have more visible DNA then the other one, which will show which one was used by the chemical and which dish was not