Whereas other theorists have argued that is is the way we are brought up and influenced by our surroundings that makes an individual the way they are. Nature means the genetic and biological influences that affect our growth and development. The nature side of the debate believes that it is inherited factors which have more impact on your life and development. For example, the colour or type of your hair, your eye colour, the pigmentation of your skin, and also genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis are all the result of the genes we inherit. These biological factors are said to determine an individual’s development and characteristics .
There is no doubt counsellors have to be aware of the complications when it comes to culture (Pederson & Ivey 1993). Within a culture people develop patterns of behaviour that they have learnt. Cultural identity differences can be perceived between themselves and other groups and can also be based on personal preferences i.e. Language, religion, lifestyle, Birthplace or even life experiences. There is a danger that if counsellors minimise cultural differences they are likely to impose the larger multicultural groups similarities upon the smaller multicultural groups and uphold one group as being more important than the other.
Human beings alter natural systems and have always had an impact on the environment. Environmental problems have a cultural and social context; so, understanding the role of cultural, social and economic factors is vital to the finding workable solutions for current problems. Global environmental changes present unprecedented challenges to humans and the ecosystems upon which they depend. The need for interdisciplinary approaches to solve such multidimensional challenges is clear. Topics of great importance, worth in-depth
P4: Explain four key methods used to protect the natural environment from the impact of the construction and built environment sector. Explain how the four key methods of; Legislation, control, design and specification and management. Include a description of at least 3 main pieces of UK and European legislation associated with the protection of the environment and its construction. List and describe the control agencies and statutory bodies which would enforce the legislation detailed in your response. Describe how the design and specification of a building can be altered to reduce its environmental impact give at least two examples.
Comparison and contrast essay: William Sheldon’s Type and Personality Assessment and Myers-Briggs Typology Index. Have you ever asked yourself why people act in one way and others in different ways? As we already know, people have different physical and psychological aspects and these traits influences their way of life. These aspects have been studied and classified by some scientists and we are going to focus on and compare two theories: William Sheldon’s and Myers-Briggs. The first theory, William Sheldon’s, who is an American psychologist, proposes that body types are related to personality characteristics.
This model contains standard testing providing comparison of individuals with similar traits allowing prediction of behavior outside an environment of testing. Utilization provides information to classify illnesses and disorders as well as defining a treatment program. Assessments within the psychological community have included such models to fabricate interventions, reinforcement, and desensitization of clients (McIntire & Miller, 2007). Significant Event in Development of Psychological Testing and Historical Roots A majority of psychologists find truth in that differences within individuals are a primary factor because of genetics and employment of aptitude assessments; superior groups of individuals can be raised systemically. Alpha and Beta assessments were conducted by Robert Yerkes during the First World War.
On the other hand, cognitivists believe that by reflecting on our own experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world. Though theses two schools of psychology are very much different, they do have their similarities. Behaviorism and cognitivism are similar in that they both attempt to explain and describe how learning occurs in individuals. Both are also valuable learning theories. They observe the response individuals make to different situations or different conditions.
Cross Cultural Studies of Gender Roles Cross cultural studies are important as they help us to explain the nature / nurture debate. The nature side of the gender argument focuses on the biological explanations of gender roles stating that gender differences result from innate differences between males and females. The nurture side of the argument, on the other hand, focuses on social explanations stating gender differences result from our life experiences as we grow up. There is also an interactionist approach which is often more realistic as it takes both of these factors into account stating that gender differences are caused by innate tendencies which are modified by environmental factors, e.g. The biosocial theory.
A stimulus load theory proposes a theory of stance restriction to explain the fundamental phenomenon between stimuli and performance. Research is important in the field of environmental psychology because it brings about homeostatic balance between humans and nature by gathering facts from correlational studies, field experimentation, and laboratory experimentations (Stewart, 2007). Theoretical Approaches Environmental psychologist theories of individual psychology help to understand the fundamental interaction between behavior, experience, and environment. To that end, the theories that underlie the principles of EP borrow from the fields of psychology, anthropology, sociology,
Personality evaluation tests can aid in many places such as the workplace and for educational purposes. Personality tests can be grouped as either objective or projective. Although difficult to measure, a variety of different types of objective personality tests have been developed to categorize subjects in accordance to their personality type. Projective tests are used to distinguish between a personality trait and a personality disorder. This essay will evaluate the effectiveness, reliability, and the strengths and weaknesses of two different personality tests.