Summary: In “Justice: Childhood Love Lessons”, bell hooks notes that grownups, with their ways of discipline; often confuse children about the concept of love. (27). I agree with bell hooks; children are taught love is as simple as giving a hug or sharing your toys but when they are abused by their guardians with explanations such as “I do this became I love you” it will confuse them great deal. 2. Direct Quotation: bell hooks says, “Being hurt by parenting adults rarely alters a child’s desire to be loved and be loved by them [parents].
Can they come off easily? Is it durable? A good rule of thumb is, if it can fit through a paper towel tube then consider the toy too small and a choking hazard. Remember the educational value of a toy. Will it help the child to grow emotionally, physically, and intellectually?
Research shows that teachers are more likely to label middle class children as 'bright and well behaved' but working class children as 'naughty and disruptive'. Following the label being attached on the child is self fulfilling prophecy, this is when the child will respond and act according to the label being placed on them, so a middle class student will act well behaved and complete the work that is set whereas the working class student will disrupt and not complete the work set and therefore not do well in exams. This shows that labeling working and middle class students affects the educational achievements because of their social class.However George H. Mead can be criticised by material/cultural deprivation. Material deprivation is when the child doesn't have the right equipment for school e.g. books, and cultural deprivation is when the children
The self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that comes true simply by it being made, which leads to a student’s underachievement. If teachers have low expectations of certain children and they are aware of these expectations, these children may develop a negative self-concept. They may come to see themselves as failures and give up trying, thereby fulfilling their original prophecy and leading to underachievement. Studies show that self-fulfilling prophecy is particularly less likely to occur when children are streamed. Streaming involves separating children into different ability groups or classes called 'streams'.
For example in a child that’s aged between 2-3yrs will (in their social development): • Continue to enjoy the company of others • Wants to please and seek approval from adults • Is still very egocentric and very protective of own possessions; unable to share with other children unless requested by an adult and it wants to please the adult. • May find group experiences difficult due to egocentric behaviour • Uses language more effectively to communicate with others. All children will follow this sequence of development, however they may not all go through the sequence over the same timescale as another. This is where we look at the rate of development. Rate is defined as... “The speed with which something moves or happens.” So as already stated development happens in the same order amongst all children but it may not happen at the same rate.
He explained how parents don’t tell their children to lie, but their children see them do it. He said parents also encourage their children to tell “white lies.” One example of this is when a child is given a gift from someone that they don’t particularly like; they are encouraged to say that they like it. He believes this makes the child think that it’s okay to lie. When a child tells a “white lie” often parents are proud because to them, their child is being polite and the parents don’t see it as them telling a lie. He believes parents often put their children in positions to lie and test their honesty without realizing it, therefore, when children are encouraged to tell so many white lies, they get comfortable with it.
Avoidant children often have rejecting parents, which leads to them developing an internal model which makes them think they are unacceptable and unworthy. The continuity hypothesis provides an explanation for why these early experience which lead to certain attachment types go on to affect relationships in adult life, as attachment type remains fairly stable over a lifetime. The internal working model developed in childhood influences a person’s expectations and attitudes towards relationships. The theory predicts that securely attached people are more likely to have stable relationships, compared to resistant types who are likely to be clingy and avoidant types who aren’t comfortable in relationships. Hazan & Shaver conducted an experiment which lends support to Bowlby’s concept of the IWM.
-Children would be much more likely to copy the behaviour of a role model of the same sex. He wanted to show that it was much easier for a child to identify and interact with an adult of the same gender. -Male children would tend to be more aggressive than female children, because society has always tolerated and advocated violent behaviour in men more than women. The experimental design used was ‘independent groups’, as the participants were divided into three groups, to which each group underwent a different condition of the experiment. An independent group’s measure was most appropriate as due to the nature of the experiment, the subject level of aggressiveness would affect their behaviour and influence the results, therefore creating a balance of aggressiveness across the groups was necessary.
An advantage of this theory is that it drives parents to encourage their children at a young age to build up a large self-esteem; their sense of self-worth. A disadvantage of this theory is that the theories have been considered naïve and optimistic as it disregards the darker aspects of human nature. Like psychodynamic theories, humanistic theories are difficult to scientifically
Their self-conscience is highly regarded as conceited which can cause personal distortion. Generally these added pressures serve as only distractions in a child’s development, but can have adverse effects if they are not addressed. Peer groups are capable of aiding children during this difficult period, but there are some peers that influence risky behaviors. The adolescent starts believing that if risky behavior is not harming their friends, then it will not harm them and some risk taking can lead to greater peer acceptance. One benefit would be that it can also help relieve the so-called maturity gap between physical and social maturity by mimicking adult behaviors, thereby affirming personal independence.