Countries that wanted their religion to triumph would have not predicted a new shift of power, a massacre and new technique for future wars that could even influence the actions of today. Religion was such a powerful weapon for rulers that the Peace of Augsburg was established and obtained until the early 17th century when the imperial power became concerned over a new rising religion named Calvinism. The religion is a strain of protestant, forbidden under the peace treaty, which spread to present day Germany. “Only two churches were recognized,” under the Peace of Augsburg treaty, “the Roman Catholic and the adherents of the Augsburg Confession—i.e., the Lutherans.”[1] Calvinism started to become the majority in some states so the Peace of Augsburg was nullified. There was also a vacancy in the lineage as King in the Holy Roman Empire.
The events in Scotland began with Charles introducing the English bible into Scotland, from there a religious protest developed and ultimately the National Covenant was set up. Charles wanted to base the Scottish Church on an English model (Hughes, 1998; p35) much to their disgust, and he declared the covenanters traitors, this united the movement early on. Importantly Charles knew that while the covenant existed he had no power in Scotland (Hughes, 1998; p37). The events led to the First Bishops War, which is the reason that Charles called the Short Parliament. He believed he had the support of the English Parliament.
The Lutheran Princes felt it necessary to create the Protestant Union and in retaliation the Catholics formed to Catholic League. They agreed that neither of them should make a religious or territorial move. Protestant Churches were closed my Ferdinand of Styria, which caused the first outbreak of violence in 1617. Europe began to struggle through inflation. This was because the war had been fought on German soil, causing them to lose money in agriculture; also the trade routes had shifted.
Elizabeth I 1558 - 1588 Foreign Policy Was religious foreign conflict unavoidable? Elizabeth was cautious in foreign policy. She avoided a religious war as it would split the English and was concerned with the sheer power held by Spain Spain declared war after the execution of the Catholic Mary of Scots, seeming to show that religion sparked conflict. However, this can be said to have just been a justification for war, as if conflict was unavoidable purely on religious grounds, it would have happened sooner as Elizabeth has always been protestant and Phillip had always been Catholic. = using a religious justification for war She was close with the catholic French and nearly married into France = not to do with religion She didn’t defend the Huguenots (protestants) of France, but this maybe partly to do with not having the resources Instead of religion, it could be said that England and France had a common interest against Spain, so joined forced against it Elizabeth seemed to put politics over religion.
She would make a new prayer book to please the catholic and then change it to English to please the Protestants. During Mary’s reign, persecuted Protestants looked on Elizabeth as their saviour. Many Protestants thought that Elizabeth would turn the country firmly back towards the Protestant religion. In my analysis of Elizabeth’s religious settlement it is clear to see that this is not totally the case. Out of the eight main points of the settlement, I found that Elizabeth had rules that would please both Protestants and Catholic’s.
Gustavus Adolphus: A Leader Ahead of His Time The history of the Thirty Years War has been the topic of countless research papers, magazine articles, books. The Thirty Years War started as a religious war, which was the result of the struggle between Roman Catholics and Protestants in Germany. The war was religious given the role faith played in early modern public policy and individual behaviors. As the war progressed, it became more of a political struggle, with the Hapsburg Dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire trying to control as much of Europe as they could while other countries opposed to their control attempted to keep them contained. All of Europe was affected by the Thirty Years War with fighting taking place throughout all of Germany, spilling into France, Spain, Italy, Poland and the Netherlands.
Charles I, at the age of twenty four years ascended to the throne on 27th March 1625, there gaining the right to rule his three kingdoms, the realms of England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland as a colony, all were very different countries and the memories of past wars and conflicts ran deep. Each had very different histories from each other and each kingdom favoured a different form of religion. England had a more moderate form of Protestantism, whereas Scotland had Calvinists and Ireland remained faithful to the Catholic indoctrination, whereas Northern Ireland had favoured the protestant faith, as well, as the Scottish Presbyterian faith. Each kingdom contained other strong religious minorities. In Ireland the concept of
They had a long wait until 1840 to see the tax-supported status of the Anglican Church be removed, making them equal once again. Not only did the friction between Anglicans and Catholics grow before and while the era, but the tyranny of the Church of England also gave reason to former believer to dissent and form new groups such as Presbyterianism (who did not agree with the order of
[3] When James called his first Parliament into session, he had nothing but good intensions. He wanted to address the grievances both religious and economically, that had been accumulating since Good Queen Bess’ reign. He firmly addressed the issue of religious reform, and clearly stated that he liked the Church of England as it was, had no love of the Pope, Puritans, and Novelists. [4] The other specific grievances addressed were purvayance (the right of the monarch to buy goods and services for his household and the army at fixed prices, usually below market value), monopolies (which allowed certain court favorites sole rights to produce or market goods and services) and wardships (a practice in which heirs of landed gentlemen, who had not yet met their majority, were placed under the protection of the crown and their lives, monies and property were under crown control). [5] It
The middle policy won lots of support, she said, ‘I will not make a window into men’s souls, there is only one Jesus Christ, and all else is a dispute over trifles.’ This decision was so important to her and England because if she would of chose the wrong choice for example make England Protestant then there would have been a religious war and the Catholics would rebel. Over all I think Elizabeth handled religion the best way she could because she made two