The British Indian Empire was declared as a belligerent against the Axis powers by the United Kingdom without consulting prominent Indian leaders. Several leaders of the Indian independence movement, including Mahatma Gandhi, expressed strong opposition against Nazism and Fascism but termed Britain's "war to save democracy" as hypocrisy since it was denying democratic rights and individual liberties to Indians. The British, under Churchill, were critical of the Indians, with Churchill at moments describing them as “vile creatures”. Churchill did not want to offer them anything. In 1942, Sir Stafford Cripps on his first mission to India made on behalf of the British Government his offer of independence after the war in exchange for cooperation, but the Indian political parties rejected his proposals.
This indicated the separation between Muslims in to two sections. The Sunnis believed that anyone taking the position of the Caliph shoulCOBE elected by the religious leaders of the community and not reliant on the direct lineage of Mohammed. The Shiites, on the other hand believed that those who were direct descendants of Mohammed were the only legitament caliphs know as the imams. The Imam succession ended with the disappearance of the twelfth Imam, but the Shiites believe that he would soon reemerge. Saddam Hussein and his Baathist Party in Iraq controlled the people of Iraq; it was constituted of Sunnis, who controlled the government.
Between 1900 and 1919 there were many reforms made by the British which concerned the ruling of Indian within the empire. During this time there was difficulty concerning the nationalist movement in India. The reforms were made for individual reasons however the reforms may have been for various main reasons. There are arguments that Britain were only making reforms to ensure control over India, this is shown in source 13, this is where the British only decided to reform to help themselves and not India as a whole. But the reforms can also be seen as reducing British rule over the subcontinent as in sources 14 and 15 where they are either to grant India nationhood or to reduce tensions between the nationalist movement and the British Raj.
Source 17 supports this by saying, ‘the wishes and needs of the Muslim community would have to be taken into account in any settlement.’ The source shows a discussion between Linlithgow and Jinnah, concerning arrangements for the wartime administration. The divide between Congress and the Muslim league is essentially what led to the August Offer, and the war meant that the Hindus and the Muslims could certainly not work out some sort of rapprochement, which is what source 15 is arguing. In the source there are elements within national life which are described as ‘large and powerful,’ which is telling us that the Viceroy, and the British most likely
Enlightenment Agenda: George Washington Point of View The English Civil War was caused majorly by religion and Parliament’s wish to have more power over the monarch. It was a conflict between Charles I supporters, the Royalists or Cavaliers, and Roundheads, also known as the Parliamentarians, who were worried that Catholicism in any form would appear in the government. Another factor that lead to the English Civil War was the reigning king Charles I lack of money. Charles I lack of money and his lack of interest in Parliament when making laws angered the people. The result of the war led to King Charles I being beheaded.
Who was to blame for The Cold War? The Cold War happened over a long period time, unraveling and developing after the horrors of the Second World War. Throughout the course of the years that have followed the Cold War, mixed opinions of who is to blame for the war have arisen. It was believed, before the 1960s, that Stalin and his Communist ideologies brought the war to the attention of the world. Soon after, various evaluations of the war dictated that USA and the “western” supporters (i.e.
Imperialism Over Asia and Its Impact Shirley Hughes HIS: 351 Asia in Age of Decolonization & Globalization Professor, Holly Heatley November 7, 2011 Imperialism Over Asia and its Impact The advances in technology, agriculture, transportation, communication and more importantly military weapons gave Europeans the power to impose on other countries either by force or the threat of force. China suffered from unbalanced treaties after rebellions failed due to the Unification of European forces along with Japanese forces. China was forced into signing, while India suffered through the methods of divide and conquer, pitting the indigenous Hindu’s and Muslims against one another leaving the door open for British control. Japan with its military might and its aid in fighting with the allies during WWI was viewed as a great power. Japan’s industrialized economy needed resources, which Japan believed they could obtain through the same methods of imperialism.
Christianity in the Roman Empire The rise of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire is one of the main contributing factors to its destruction circa 500 C.E. The teachings and morals portrayed in the letters of Paul of Tarsus (135-136) contradicted the Roman culture by preaching to follow the laws set forth by Christ rather than those set forth by the Roman Senate (136). The difference in belief caused tension between the Roman government and its citizens as more and more converted to Christianity and rebelled against Roman persecution. Paul of Tarsus was a very influential character in the story of Christianity. Thirteen letters are attributed to him in the writings that came to comprise the New Testament (134).
Christianity in the Roman Empire The rise of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire is one of the main contributing factors to its destruction circa 500 C.E. The teachings and morals portrayed in the letters of Paul of Tarsus (135-136) contradicted the Roman culture by preaching to follow the laws set forth by Christ rather than those set forth by the Roman Senate (136). The difference in belief caused tension between the Roman government and its citizens as more and more converted to Christianity and rebelled against Roman persecution. Paul of Tarsus was a very influential character in the story of Christianity. Thirteen letters are attributed to him in the writings that came to comprise the New Testament (134).
When they won the French and Indian War, England had to make a few reforms. King George III declared the Proclamation of 1763, which forbid American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains in an effort the stabilize relations with the Native Americans. However this angered many colonists who had land grants there and in turn, the Proclamation Line was ignored. This was the start of a series of disagreements between the two lands, as the American citizens began to gain a stronger taste for independence. Enlightenment writers such as John Locke, who patented the idea that it