Essay 2 Lesson 1, question 3: Summarize the criteria of a hypothesis-based scientific study. How is this technique similar to and different from the solving of everyday problems? Research and describe an experiment of your choice that demonstrates the basic considerations that must be taken in the design of a good, hypothesis-based, scientific experiment. The criteria for a hypothesis-based scientific study are first, coming up with a study that can be tested or falsifiable. There must be criteria to go by that can prove whether the study is true or false.
How did I/O psychology ‘evolve’ from general psychology? b. What was scientific management? Describe how Taylor and the Gilbreths were integral to it, using one specific example of a contribution they made in this area. c. What role did testing play?
In what ways does ‘Pathways Theory’ inform your understanding of how young people become involved in, and desist from, offending behaviour? Where possible make reference to your own practice. In this assignment I aim to discuss my understanding of ‘Pathways Theory’, its validity and furthermore the way in which it informs practice in predicting recidivism. Elder et al 2001 (cited in France and Homel, p.298) refers to ‘Pathways Theory’ as theoretical and empirical work in the field of life course studies and the developmental sciences, including developmental psychology, life span sociology and psychology, life history research and studies of the life cycle. I aim to highlight how ‘Pathways Theory’ influences the Youth Justice System coupled with the Scaled approach furthermore my knowledge and understanding of offending behaviour as a Youth Offending Officer within my practice, that of my team.
How much control do we have in shaping our own identity? The purpose of this essay is to give an explanation of identity in a social science context and to show how agency and structure have a part to play in control of our identities. Agency and structure will be explained and the tension between the two will be shown through the studies of Mead, Goffman, and Freud. The essay will finish with a look at how out identities are shaped by occupation, gender and place. What is identity in social scientific terms?
First of all I am going to explain what exactly the sociological imagination and common sense explanations are, and then go on to discuss how each justify educational outcomes. ‘The sociological imagination’ as explained by C. Wright Mills(1959) asks people to question everything that goes on around them and not just to conform to what they know and to what they have come to accept as normal, but to question their own beliefs and question why things happen the way they do. This concept hoped that people would put their own problems into perspective and consider them on a universal scale and in doing so; they would have more knowledge and a better outlook to make decisions and more empathy to situations. Mills wanted people to challenge their own beliefs and ideas and in doing so this could even change society. Common sense is such a simple concept but when it comes to a defining it, it’s difficult to explain.
Gestalt Therapy is about human experience and what this mean ‘experientially’, that is, trying out for oneself. It is a relational therapy, where the therapist-client relationship is a fundamental part of the process, and it synthesizes three key philosophies that have been described as the ‘pillars of Gestalt’ (Yontef, 1999:11), these being: 1 - Field Theory - The person’s experience is explored in the context of their situation of ‘field’ 2 - Phenomenology - The search for understanding through what is
Troy Janerio-Duporte Social Psychology Semester 1 Discuss and evaluate the theory and evidence relating to errors and biases in the perception of people and events. David Rutherford Discuss and evaluate the theory and evidence relating to errors and biases in the perception of people and events. Within this essay I will attempt evaluate the relevant theories and evidence relating to the errors and biases in the perception of people and events. In order to fully evaluate to essay title we must define the specifics of social perception, highlight methods of communication including non-verbal, accessing the importance of attribution and the theories surrounding it. I will also be looking at specific situations that affect the errors and biases in the perception of people and events.
“Why the initial consultation so important”? What factors will an ethical therapist cover at this time? In this essay I will be discussing what the ethical obligations are of therapists and why the initial consultation is so important and what information is gain from that first meeting. Hypnotherapy a practical handbook page 59 talks about the initial consultation as an assessment interview to seek to satisfy ourselves that the problem the patient presents is within our professional competence, the next point is to clarify what manner or type of hypnotherapy is appropriate, this is indicated by the nature and origin of the disorder, the personality of the patient, his personal resources, emotional strength and resilience, and his personal and social framework. In other words it is determined by the client as a whole, there personality, there belief systems.
These views can be compared to Boud et al. (1985), cited in Farrelly (2010: p.26) which states that reflection is; “A complex and deliberate process of thinking about and interpreting experience in order to learn from it.” These three definitions demonstrate that reflection is a process of evaluating an incident and changing things, in order to provide better understanding and practice. This is supported by Schön (1983) who described that reflection is the way in which the knowledge that underpins practice can be discovered and improved. Miller et al. (2008) suggest that in order for professionals to challenge their practice, they must reflect on their practice.
The purpose of this essay is to reflect and critically study an incident from a clinical setting whilst using a model of reflection. This will allow me to analyse and make sense of the incident and draw conclusions relating to personal learning outcomes. The significance of critical analysis and critical incidents will briefly be discussed followed by the process of reflection using the chosen model. The incident will then be described and analysed and the people involved introduced. (The names of the people involved have been changed to protect their privacy) and then I will examine issues raised in light of the recent literature relating to the incident.