(Points : 5) | A. It is an attitude toward an ethnic or racial group. B. It is action by a dominant group that prevents or limits minority groups access to societal rewards. C. It denies access to equal opportunity.
self-efficacy levels can enhance or impede the motivation to act. individuals with high self-efficaccy choose to perform more challenging tasks. What are three ethical characteristics of charismatic leaders? unethical chanrismatic leader, individual qualities of ethical and unethical charismatic leaders Explain the concept of coercive power in operant learning terms. authority or power that is dependent on fear, suppression of free will, and/or use of punishment or threat, for its existence Explain three political strategies that can be used to acquire power.
The _____ is a personality assessment model that taps basic dimensions which encompass most of the significant variation in human personality, namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. a. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator b. Keirsey Temperament Sorter C. Big Five Model d. Birkman Method 3. With reference to John Holland’s personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the investigative type prefer a. activities that involve helping and developing others B. activities that involve thinking, organizing, and understanding c. physical activities that require skill, strength, and coordination d. ambiguous and imaginative activities that allow creative expression 4. According to Blake and Mouton, effective leaders are most likely to facilitate subordinate growth and development by having a. a moderate concern for both the task and relationships b. a moderate concern for the task and a high concern for relationships C. a high concern for both the task and relationships d. a high concern for the task and a moderate concern for relationships 5. Which dimension of the Big Five Model is a measure of reliability?
Individuals have the most negative category-based responses to the groups that they do not personally belong (outgroups) and usually have more positive views on one’s own group (ingroup). Stereotyping involves attaching to a person, one’s cognitive expectancies and associations regarding the group. They are basically beliefs about the characteristics of group members and theories about why those qualities go together. They are set ideas that go together with a category, acting to justify our affective and behavioral reactions to the category. The reason I’m discussing category-based responses, beliefs regarding characteristics of group members, and set ideas is because they all influence our tendency to stereotype.
(Schaefer, 2006) Exploitation theory is used to justify keeping a group in a subordinate position. \(Schaefer, 2006) These theories help enable people to continue a cycle of hate by pointing fingers at minorities so as to not have to take blame or responsibility themselves. Also, by keeping a group in a lower position it has an effect on how others view the group also. When there exists a cycle of negative reinforcement the attept to free the group from prejudice and discrimination is difficult at best. Education is an effective method of reducing intolerance and prejudice at least temporarily.
Labelling is “interpersonal” and defines what is not deviance or what deviant behaviour is. Applying the label creates the behaviour. Once you impose a label, that label is “stricken”. The process of labelling is not perfect and has certain consequences and does not only depend on the person labelling. Labelling theory suggests that “deviants are those people who have been successfully labelled as such by others” (Kendall, Murray, Linden, 2003:206).
Prejudice is adverse opinions derived from a stereotype against an individual or specific group. Prejudice, simply stated, means to prejudge an individual or group. Stereotyping is assigning similar characteristics to an individual in a specific group despite variations among the group’s members. Stereotyping can occur for numerous reasons. Usually, an individual will stereotype another person or group simply because there has been no firsthand knowledge.
Bias is a tendency of people to favor information that confirms their beliefs or hypotheses. People display this bias when they gather or remember information selectively, or when they interpret it in a biased way. The effect is stronger for emotionally charged issues and for deeply entrenched beliefs. They also tend to interpret ambiguous evidence as supporting their existing position. There are 3 common biases, biased search, belief perseverance, and illusory correlation.
Stereotyping is when there are unreliable generalizations about all member of a group that do not take individual differences into account. Prejudice refers to negative judgments or views about a group formed without reason, thought, or knowledg. A stereotype(often a negative one) is generalization about a group based on samples that don’t represent the group, in which the generalization becomes so well-known, it becomes a “conventional image” for the group in question, often accepted as truth by the illogical bunch. Discrimination is the act of excluding a group from some right, privilege, or service *based upon* prejudice and stereotyping. Stereotypes could be a form of prejudice if they are negative generalizations.
vs. Sloppy1. Does Britt favor one group over the other? Which details or statements support your response? Mrs. Britt most definitely favors “sloppy” people. She seems to be defending sloppy people by explaining their behaviors and trying to rationalize their actions to the rest of the world.