Humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow once wrote: “any theory of motivation that is worthy of attention must deal with the highest capacities of the healthy and strong person as well as with the defensive maneuvers of crippled spirits” (qtd. in Myers 565). Maslow definitely took both of these things into account when he created the hierarchy of needs. The hierarchy of needs, normally drawn out in the shape of a pyramid, starts with primitive needs, such as hunger and safety, and then continues on until we finally focus on trying to achieve ‘self-actualization’ and ‘self-transcendence’ needs. Maslow proposed that after one’s basic physical, psychological and self-esteem needs are met, a person strives for self-actualization, fulfilling our potential, and self-transcendence, where we need to find identity beyond our self (Myers 565).
Habits 4, 5, and 6 deal with teamwork, cooperation, and communication. These habits deal with moving a person to interdependence. Interdependence simply means mutual dependence. The final habit, habit 7, focuses upon self renewal and continuing self improvement. The Seven Habits – Main Habit 1: Be Proactive Being proactive is about self
He described behaviors in binary couples such as self-assured/apprehensive, reserved/outgoing, and submissive/dominant. (Nelson & Quick, 2013) From the 16 traits consensus amongst the theorist’s resulted in the selection of the top five traits called the “Big Five” personality traits. The “Big Five” personality traits comprise of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. The following chart provides a description of each personality trait and definition of the associated suggested behavior(s): ion The Big Five Personality Traits (Nelson & Quick, 2013) | Extraversion | The person is gregarious, assertive, and sociable (as opposed to reserved, timid, and quiet). | Agreeableness | The person is cooperative, warm, and agreeable (rather than cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic).
Personality and team effectiveness According to Huczynski and Buchanan (2007) a personality profile contains five key characteristics: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and negative emotionality which affect team effectiveness. The main advocates of this approach are Paul Costa and Robert McRea. Each characteristic, which has two sides, shows something about how you react in different situations. However, you cannot say which side of a characteristic is best. You have to see it in relation to other things.
Using the 5-factor model of personality as an organizing framework, the authors accumulated 384 correlations from 26 independent studies. Personality traits were related to 3 dimensions of transformational leadership—idealized influence–inspirational motivation (charisma), intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration—and 3 dimensions of transactional leadership— contingent reward, management by exception–active, and passive leadership. Extraversion was the strongest and most consistent correlate of transformational leadership. Although results provided some support for the dispositional basis of transformational leadership— especially with respect to the charisma dimension— generally, weak associations suggested the importance of future research to focus on both narrower personality traits and nondispositional determinants of transformational and transactional leadership. A recent PsycINFO search revealed that 1,738 of the 15,000 articles (12%) published since 1990 on the topic of leadership included the keywords personality and leadership.
Three Personality Characteristics Many personality tests examine an individual’s personality traits. Three such tests I have taken are the “Big Five” Personality traits or the Five Factor Model (FFM), the Jung and Briggs-Meyers typology test, and the Career Occupational Preference System (COPS), which tests a person’s personality strengths for a more satisfying career path. The “Big Five” test states my strongest traits are neuroticism-96%, agreeableness-87%, and conscientiousness-17%. First look at these results one may think that I am an emotionally challenged good-natured slob. A closer examination of the test shows that I have become twice the extrovert than 25 years ago.
To begin with, personality is the particular combination of emotional , and behavioral response templates of a human being and it is a well-known fact that team effectiveness depends on each member of a group. Besides, it is possible to find types of individuals in the famous “big five personality types”. This theory explains us why do people behave in different ways in the same situations. The theory contains so-called Big five dimensions and they are named as : extraversion (your level of sociability and enthusiasm) ; agreeableness (your level of friendliness and kindness) ; Conscientiousness (your level of organization and work ethic) ; neuroticism (your level of calmness and tranquility) ; openness to experience (your level of creativity and curiosity) according to the Paul Costa and Robert McRae Big Five framework. These are not “types” of personalities, but dimensions of personality.
Evaluate the usefulness of the psychometric approach for understanding intelligence (24 Marks) The psychometric approach is one of the most common approaches for understanding personality and human intelligence (Sternberg, 2000; Engler, 2009). Psychometric tests of intelligence can be seen as derived from theories, such as, Spearman’s theory of the general factor or Thurston’s theory of bonds, for example (Eysenck, 1994). The psychometric approach is useful for understanding personality and human intelligence, as it has enabled researchers objectively measure intelligence and personality in order to develop a reliable understanding of these phenomena (Hayes, 2000; Hothersall, 2004; Engler, 2009). However, the extent to which the psychometric approach for understanding personality and human intelligence is useful comes into question due to methodological problems of psychometric tests and the past misuses of psychometric testing (Gould, 1996; Hayes, 2000; Sternberg, 2000; Joseph, 2003; Chamorro-Premuzic & Furnham, 2005; Engler, 2009). This paper will evaluate the usefulness of the psychometric approach for understanding personality and human intelligence.
The purpose of this lab was to determine cohesion in and between groups. A sample of respondents filled questionnaires rating their perception of relations both within and between their in-groups and out-groups. The questionnaires rated their perception on a scale of 1-7 representing their level of agreement or disagreement with the matter question. The answers were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS and results analyzed and interpreted. The results indicated that that the most important factors affecting identity ranked in their order of importance are cohesiveness, voice and consensus respectively Introduction Social identity refers to how human beings make sense of each other.
Table of Contents Introduction 2 Origins of the humanistic approach 2 Core assumptions 3 Person centred therapy 3 Core Conditions of person centred therapy 4 Empathy 4 Unconditional positive regard 4 Congruence 5 From fixity to fluidity 6 Self-actualisation: the good life 7 The counsellor’s use of self 8 Strengths and limitation 9 Conclusion 9 References: 11 Bibliography 12 Introduction "When I look at the world I'm pessimistic, but when I look at people I am optimistic.” (Carol Rogers- Pioneer of humanistic approach) There are a number of unique and distinctive approaches to understanding human thought and behaviour. Each branch looks at issues and problems from a different perspective. A humanistic approach focuses on an individual’s potential, and stresses the importance of growth and self-actualization. As the opening quote illustrates, it is also an optimistic approach, which focuses on the human capacity to overcome difficulties. Humanistic psychology theories began to grow in popularity during the 1950s, as a response to what some saw as the limitation of behaviorist and psychodynamic theories.