She developed on Bowlby’s IWM theory by looking at the individual differences on types of attachments that may be formed to the primary care-giver. Ainsworth looked at children’s behaviour during separation from their mothers, beginning in Uganda and a later study in the US Ainsworth developed the strange situation experiment as a standard test to measure attachment in children (Oates, 2005). From her results she discovered three main times of attachment. Secure, insecure (split into sub-categories) and absent (Oates, 2005). The way in which the child behaves during the strange situation is determined by the behaviour the care giver presents to the child.
“Placement Shift, Sibling Relationship Quality, and Child Outcomes in Foster Care: A Review” Abstract: The study sought to investigate sibling unity and its affect on child behavior problems while in the foster care system. The study tried to find support for the long held protective policy of placing siblings together. In the study of 156 maltreated children, siblings were in one of three placement groups: continuously together, continuously apart, or disrupted placement. Changes in child adjustment as a function of sibling relationship and placement group were examined. Positivity and negativity between siblings and individual behavior problems were noted before placement and observed upon follow-up.
-Thomas and Chess's work on the concept of temperament Cross-cultural research into temperament has uncovered some differneces between infants. Temperament may vary by culture...is it maternal conditioning? -Play The years 2 to 4 have often been referred as the "Play Years"....Play can be social and imaginative....what is the value of play developmentally?How is play crucial to development? -Attachment How do hospitals facilitate attachment ...especially for the neotates who are hospitalized for extended periods
"A central finding to my research," says Wallerstein, "is that children identify not only with their mother and father as separate individuals but with the relationship between them. They carry the template of this relationship into adulthood and use it to seek the image of their new family." Except in the case of premature death, marriage embarked
With the research, hopefully it can be determined if adverse effects can mitigate with interventions and a positive relationship with both parents being maintained. The child’s dealings with the non-custodial parent are as important as interacting with the custodial parent. The Impact of Divorce on Children References Gilman, J., Schneider, D., & Shulak, R. (2005). Children's ability to cope post-divorce: The effects of kids' turn intervention program on 7 to 9 year olds. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 42(3/4), 109-121.
More recently laws have begun to change due to the research that shows children benefit from having both parents involved in their parenting. Laws now look at the relationship the parent had with the child and the level of involvement before the divorce, this is based on the idea that consistent care by the same caregiver is best for the child as it is less stress on them to be separated from that attachment that they already had (Demo & Fine, 2010, p. 67-68). Although there are many negative effects this change is not always a negative it can turn out to be a positive for
Looked after children may be placed with other carers like extended family, or foster carers depending on the young person’s circumstances. When a child is classed as looked after the local authorities will try and work with the children’s parents. For example care orders are put into places by the local authority has legal responsibility of the child. Which is also called parental responsibility. As parents they automatically continue to have parental responsibility but with a care order, the local authority can limit parental responsibility if needed for the child.
As these generations age, society changes as well as the family values. Adjustments are made to meet both individual and society needs. The three key processes in which children learn values and develop character should start with the forming of emotional attachments, teaching of pro-social behavior, and respect for authority; and abiding by the rules both within the family structure and society. The forming of emotional attachment should start at birth. First the infant bonds with its mother.
Through an extensive interviewing process of children and adolescents along with their parents Portes and Rivas sought to study how young immigrants are adapting to life in the United States. The glimpses that Portes and Rivas offer of these interviews greatly tie back to Derscheid’s argument on the influence of parenting practices regarding racial awareness, as well as to my interview with Sra. Ana. The researchers tie in their findings to two theoretical perspectives; the culturalist which observes the newcomer’s place in the cultural and linguistic life of the host society and the structuralist, which focuses on the newcomer’s place within the host’s socioeconomic hierarchy—both of which speak to the “need” of migrant populations to adapt. Furthermore, the scholars arrived to the conclusion that “racial stereotypes produce a positive self-identity for white and even Asians but a negative one for blacks and Latinos, alongside racialized self-perceptions among Mexican American students” (Portes & Rivas, 2011: 14).
A client goes though intake which is a screening department to determine if the abuse is substantial enough to become involved with FCCS. * Major Programs and Services: * There are several departments included within FCCS that deliver various services. Adoptions: Screen adoptive parents, provide training to adoptive parents, collaborate with courts for adoption, and provide pre and post-placement adoptive services. Emancipation: Provide services such as life skills trainings and counseling to every young adult that is projected to age out of foster care. Supports youth through their transition to adulthood.