The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was created to help measure the needs for power, intimacy, and achievement in regards to motivation. The motivational view I agree with the least is the psychoanalytic view. “The psychoanalytic view of human motivation suggests that behavior is ultimately determined by unconscious sexual and aggressive drives and by the complex intrapsychic conflicts that arise in daily life.” (Pinel, J.P.J. 2008. p. 299). Freud had some beliefs that I believe have been outdated and further researched since his time.
This essay will describe the benefit to put into practice a personalised induction, as well as the things that need to be focused on in order to personalise. I will also show that in certain circumstances it is not always possible to personalise an induction. As human beings we may present as similar in appearance and behave similarly, but actually we are all unique. We are all different shapes and sizes, come from different cultural backgrounds, have different views which have shaped our morals and values to make us what we are. As hypnosis works with the subconscious mind we need to understand that every client will have different needs and requirements and as therapists we need to work very closely with them, to assist them to achieve
In cultural psychology the mental processes are compared with the society and the individual who has grown up in that society. Comparatively, cross-cultural psychologists systematically research behavior across cultures in different cultural situations (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Critical Thinking Critical thinking in cross-cultural psychology is important because cross-cultural psychology is about identifying the similarities and differences in individuals and how they function in his or her culture. Critical thinking is about making realistic, valid and reasonable evidence. Critical thinking is described as maintaining an attitude that is open=minded and doubtful (Shiraev & Levy, 2010).
Having Fun With Operational Definitions Adapted from teachpsychscience.org Directions: Identify and operationally define the independent and dependent variables in each of the following research ideas. Research Idea #1: A social psychologist was interested in whether people are more likely to exhibit conformity when they are in situations that make them feel nervous and unsure of themselves. What is the independent variable? How would you define it operationally? What is the dependent variable?
Personality Paper PSY/400 March 15, 2013 Personality Paper Personality is one way to determine how a person’s characteristics overtime will develop and become the person everyone knows. People can identify someone by simple traits, personality and characteristics of a person. Whether the person is home, in the workplace, church, or school the personality of that person is the direct link identifying his or her personality. Furthermore, Cherry (2013) says, “Almost everyday people describe and assess the personalities of people on a daily basis.” The reason this is done is to know how and why people behave the way they do. According to Cherry (2013) “Informal assessments personality tend to focus more on individuals, personality psychologists instead use conceptions of personality that can apply to everyone.” Therefore research has been done to explain the how and why certain personality traits develop, (Cherry, 2013).
This simply means that one’s theory of personality is based on his or her individual personality traits. This is due to the fact that the research a theorist collects to build his or her theory is a personal judgment call. That is that they pick what information to include or not to include in their research. These choices are made based on an individual’s environment, the way they were raised, experiences in life, and relationships they have with those around them (Feist & Feist, p. 7, 2009). There are four main groups of theories with each having a subfield.
Personality Theories There is an array of theories under the psychodynamic category of personality theories. Many theorists contributed to these, and all have his or her own outlook on how personality develops within individuals. Each theory’s main assumptions will be covered, as well as comparing the source of behavior in regards to free will and the conscious or unconscious state of mind. As Smith (2007) describes, there are three ways in which an individual will resolve anxiety with others: moving toward people, moving away from people, or moving against people. The use of these three is not limited to just one, but a healthy and stable individual will use all of these strategies depending on the specific situation, and use them in a positive context.
Personality can mean many things but collectively the definition according to Feist & Feist in 2006, “…a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior” (Feist & Feist, 2006). It is hard to understand personality when no one can even agree about the true definition of personality so that is why we have to study it and assess the information that will help us understand what influences our own traits and characteristics. Quantifiable Human Nature The field of psychology is based on the basic ways in which humans will react through perceptions, position, and the point of views from of a lot of theorists. In the area of psychology according to Feist and Feist in 2009, “there are six dualistic dimensions on human nature and they are determinism versus free choice, pessimism versus optimism, causality versus teleology, conscious versus unconscious determinants of behavior, biological versus social influences, and finally uniqueness versus similarities” (Feist & Feist). First a thing where a human does anything willingly is called free choice.
These beliefs are attitudes and perceptions that largely tend to shape how we think about issues and react to different situations. In most cases a client seeking respondents to the same scenario from two different counselors will emerge from a dam of confusion. The theory of human behavior in psychology which states that experiences of individuals over time shape their personality (Scoyholt, 2001). The principle ideas that counselors hold as true will define them and also determine how they provide solutions to specific matters raised by their clients, in other words they tend to counsel as per what they believe should be done. These beliefs
In order to examine this assertion we have to look into some of the theories and findings from different areas in psychology that allows us to understand the importance of these influences. The examples used in this essay are based on general influences that determine human behaviour; personality, friendship and brain function. Personality is considered to be one of the important factors in influencing human behaviour as it can be described in many ways and can be applied to almost any situation involving human behaviour and actions. Generally personality is defined as “a set of stable and enduring individual characteristics or inner dispositions that lead people to behave in a steady way over time and maintain a consistent orientation to other people and the world around them.” (McAvoy Jean, p19). Because personality can be defined in so many ways psychologists had to find a way to categorise and measure personality with individual differences in personality in mind.