It is important for each word to be effective in the process of hypnosis, and the preferred and most effective language will be different for each person, due to individual differences. This is why personalised inductions are important. Messages need to be delivered to clients in words, rather than body language (Chrysalis, 2010), and this will be more effective when the words used are more personal to the client so they can relate to the words they are hearing and create more real imagery with a comfortable and safe experience. This comfortable and safe experience can be created in personalised inductions with the use of modalities. Modalities are used by altering the language to suit personality and client individuality.
It is also important to note that body language plays a large role in communication and may become a barrier, depending on a person’s perception. Psychological Barriers. The psychological state of the receiver will influence how the message is received. For example, when we are angry it is easy to say things that we may later regret and also to misinterpret what others are saying. Physiological Barriers.
Selfperception affects an individual’s self-efficacy skills, therefore affecting how an individual will communicate their experiences. While self-perception is an important trait to take into consideration when dealing with self-reporting, it does however, as mentioned, affect the validity of the results due to individuals underreporting and over reporting their actions. Comparisons of Limitations All three articles discussed the limitation of self-reporting, more so in Article 1. While self-reporting is indeed a valuable asset, self-reporting at times is affected due to individuals underreporting their behavior, as well as over reporting it (Hauge et al., 2009). Underreporting occurs due to individuals being dishonest regarding their behavior, therefore causing an error in the research done.
a)Attitude: Belief/Feeling that predisposes one to act in certain way to objects, people, and events. b) Attitudes are well remembered and central to our self-concept, however, are more likely to lead to behavior, and measures of general attitudes do predict patterns of behavior over time. c) Attitudes can affect actions if attitude is specifically related to behavior, if the attitude are salient and if the outside influences are minimal. 2 .a) Describe Milgram’s experiments on obedience, and b) outline the conditions in which obedience was highest. a) Stanley Milgram designed a study that investigates the effects of authority on obedience.
Also it's important to know that there are two types of stress, eustress, good stress and distress, not so good stress. Coping is using sensible effort to solve personal and interpersonal problems, and seeking to overcome, minimize or tolerate stress or conflict. The term coping generally refers to adaptive or constructive coping strategies, ones that reduce stress levels. However, some coping strategies can be considered maladaptive, stress levels increase. Coping responses are partly controlled by personality, but also by the social context, particularly the nature of the stressful environment.
* Obligations, in making a moral decision the most important obligation or duty should take precedence; ideals, when ideals are in conflict the higher should take precedence; consequences, it’s always wise to choose the action that leads to beneficial rather than negative consequences. * What four broad kinds of errors can corrupt an opinion? * Errors or tendencies to error common among all people by virtue of their being human; errors or tendencies to error associated with one’s individual habits of mind or personal attitudes, beliefs, or theories; errors that come from human communication and the limitations of language; errors in the general fashion of an age. * How does Ruggiero suggest we go about forming responsible opinions? * Understand how opinions are formed and try to be in conscious control of the process; do not treat your opinions as facts; monitor your thoughts to prevent the uncritical default mode from taking charge.
(Kolb, 1984:41) states that ‘in the figurative aspects, perception and imagination correspond roughly to the apprehension process, and mental imaginary corresponds to the comprehension process. People are not all alike and so how they see the world in a way that makes the most sense to us as individuals. This is called perception, our perceptions shape what we believe, how we make decisions, and how we define what’s important. Our individual perception also determines our natural learning strengths, or learning style. Each individual has his or her own unique learning strengths and weaknesses.
When you struggle with language differences, it is difficult to effectively handle conflict c. Different orientations to conflict and conflict management style also complicate intercultural conflict. Two Orientations to Conflict 1. Conflict as Opportunity: a conflict is a normal, useful process and all issues are subject to change through negotiation. Benefits of conflict: a. Gaining new information about people or other groups b. Diffusing more serious conflict c. Increasing cohesiveness Conflict as Destructive: Assumptions: a. conflict is a destructive disturbance of the peace, the social system should be adjusted to the needs of members; rather, members should adapt to established values When conflict does arise, the strong spiritual value of pacifism dictates a nonresistant response-often avoidance.
Final Exam MGT 251 1. What are some behaviors necessary in order to thrive in a diverse environment? * Empathy * Positive self-talk * Flexibility and Ambiguity * Inclusivity * Handling offenses 2. Describe the internal factors that lead to conflict. * Bias- an inclination or preference either for or against an individual or group that interferes with impartial judgment.
Instrumental conditioning, is when behavior is reinforced and is dependent on his or her behavior (Olson & Hergenahn, 2013). Classical conditioning, is when an unconditioned stimulus is paired with a conditioned response and visa-versa many times, which changes behavior. Instrumental and classical cognition both can change one’s behavior, but classical conditioning helps in forming a behavior that more conductive to survival, and instrumental conditioning helps in learning to avoid certain situations, events, or effects. Cognitive expectancy is an important factor in instrumental and classical