The next most important reason for the collapse was religion and Charles’ push toward Arminianism and absolutism. The fear of Charles becoming absolutist shaped how his policies were viewed and the MP’s political attitudes. Appello Ceasarum produced by Montagu and commissioned by the King angered many MPs as it argued the similarities between Protestantism and Catholicism. This brought MPs to call for the impeachment of Montagu as they felt it promoted anti-Calvinism. Charles’ reaction to this, as he imposed his prerogative as the Divine Right Monarch, promoted Montagu to Royal Chaplain.
Task: “Luther was both a revolutionary and a conservative.” Evaluate this statement with the respect to Luther’s responses to the political and social questions of his day. During the 16th century, the Catholic Church was seen as corrupt because of certain practices such as indulgences. This corruption, lead many people to stand up against the Church, and this began The Protestant Reformation. One of the most influential people of this time was Martin Luther. Martin Luther’s responses to political and social questions during this time were often either revolutionary or conservative.
Tyler Gilbert 10/20/14 Dr. Nardi AP Euro What were the responses of the Catholic authorities in the sixteenth century to the challenges posed by the Lutheran Reformation? Protestantism was a religion introduced to Europe 1517 by a man named Martin Luther when he published his book The Ninety-Five Theses, and nailed them to every door. As time went on, a schism occurred in which the Roman Catholic Church was split between both the Catholics and the Protestants. The Reformation occurred due to Luther’s disbeliefs of the Church’s current beliefs, one being the selling of indulgences, and other corrupt ideas such as nepotism and simony. With Protestantism growing ever since introduced, and many challenges against the church, the Catholic authorities responded in different ways in order to keep Protestantism from growing and correcting it of its mistakes at the Council of Trent (1545-1563).
How does Stoker use the symbols of religion and superstition in Dracula? The Victorian era witnessed one of the greatest shifts in religious attitudes since the Puritan movement. At the beginning of the era the Church was incredibly powerful, but as the era progressed, people moved away from religion started to question their faith. Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species, in 1859, and along with the advances in technology, such as the first underground railway being built, in 1863, brought about the “crisis of faith”. The two biggest and most conflicting religions in this period were two sects of Christianity, Protestantism and Catholicism.
This internal dissent from tradition certainly affected Pugin’s view of what the true Christian style of architecture was. Pugin blamed the Reformation for the architectural decline in Britain and he championed the medieval, Gothic style that he felt was, “distinctly English”, (Richardson, 2008, page 113). All of these points demonstrate dissent however, was Pugin in fact a, “radical traditionalist”, (Mckellar, 2008, p131). In order to explore the ideas of Tradition and Dissent that was applied to the rebuilding of the Palace of Westminster. I will be discussing Pugin’s abstractions, beliefs and ideologies and how they diverged from the Classical-Protestant views of the day, also, illustrating the features that could be interpreted as traditional or dissenting.
The Success of ‘The Edict of Nantes’ in 1598. The Edict of Nantes in 1598 was only a temporary solution to the religious wars in France from 1562-1598. There were several attempts to bring peace and unity to France during this time but each attempt was met with hostility by both sides and a common ground was not found until the reign of Henry IV. The problems with the Edict of Nantes’ predecessors were that they heavily favoured the Catholics and never met the demands of the Huguenots. The likes of the Edict of Saint-Germaine and Ambroise both gave small successions to the Huguenots but not what they desired.
Francois’ Candide, bashed the Christian power among many other things and was seen as a major contributor to the idealists of the Enlightenment. Voltaire was able to utilize Candide to demonstrate the most prominent issues of the Enlightenment period such as the hubris of nobility, how optimism and rationality is able to lessen the evils rendered by humans and criticize the revolution itself simultaneously. Even though the symbol of optimism is a key focus of satire in Candide, Voltaire did make sure that he pointed out the flaws of so called “Nobility” and its need of change in the new Enlightenment age. Voltaire ridiculed the nobles, along with their beliefs, showing readers that the previous way of nobility was arrogant and showed how change of this thought was important in the enlightenment period. Voltaire displayed this idea primarily through two main characters in Candide; the first was with Don Fernando and second was with Cunegund and her family.
It was a period of intense rebellions such as the Wyatt’s rebellion, or factional fighting in court for example; Edward’s court was ridden with the visions of the dukes of Northumberland (John Dudley) and Somerset (Edward Seymour). But perhaps the most fundamental division of the mid Tudor crisis was thrown up by the reformation of the church and Mary’s brutal Counter Reformation. This leads me on to talk about one of the largest perceived problems at the start of Elizabeth’s reign. Henry VIII reigned against the background of the dramatic upheaval of the English church known as the Reformation. This is when the authority of the Roman Catholic Church led by the pope was rejected by those known as Protestants.
In the 16th Century, the protest and reformation caused a split in the Christian Church. There were several underlined causes for the reformation. These causes include abusive papal authority, misinterpretation of the bible, sale of indulgences, and unhappiness and rejection of papal authority in Germany. An additional document that would further illustrate the underlying causes to the reformation would be a response by the church to Luthers charge that they are perverting scripture. According to the documents 4 and 10, an underlying cause to the reformation was the sale of Indulgences.
Popes were competing with Italian princes for political power and fought wars, and many clergy led lavish lifestyles. John Wycliffe An early English reformer, using sermons and writing to call for changes, but was removed from his teaching position. Jan Hus An early reformer, preaching against the immorality and worldliness of the Church, excommunicated by the Pope, and later burned at the stake after being arrested and tried. What was the "last straw" for Luther? In 1517, he saw Johannes Tetzel selling indulgences in Wittenberg, Germany.