Protestant Reformation Research Paper

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Milinda C. HIS 121 December 10, 2009 What problems in the church contributed to the Protestant Reformation? Why was the church unable to suppress dissent as it had earlier? * The Protestant Reformation brought significant change in Europe. Effects in religious, social, and political aspects of life occurred, as well as an impact on education and language development. Language development was enabled in local dialect because of religious services were held in local languages and the translation of works and printing of books. This movement against the Reformation pushed Roman Catholicism and attempted to regain the powers lost by the Church. In following years governments and countries were shaped by religion. At the time there…show more content…
The Renaissance monarchs were growing impatient of the Church, and society was growing to become more humanistic and secular, as well as individualism. Various other religions were established as well, with Luther’s teachings leaving their mark well past Luther’s own existence. The Reformation in Western & Central Europe officially began in 1517 with Martin Luther (1483-1546) and his 95 Theses. This was a debate over the Christian religion. Luther’s arguments referred to a direct relationship with God and using the local vernacular to speak to the people. Luther’s arguments removed the absolute power from the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church in general. The revenue from the taxes paid to the Church would be reduced with Luther’s ideas, in part because of the removal of buying souls out of purgatory. And thanks to the printing press, Luther’s 95 Theses was reprinted throughout Germany, which soon attracted many followers, as well as many enemies. In 1520, the Pope excommunicated with Martin Luther. Luther responded by burning the papal decree in front of his students. In 1521, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V put Luther on trial, and was declared as an outlaw. Luther went into exile, living at Wartburg Castle, home to Prince Frederick the Wise, of Saxony. Martin Luther’s message held great appeal for various groups, even those of whom had less than spiritual…show more content…
Sweden acquired Western Pomerania, Eastern Pomerania, and was assigned to Brandenburg. The settlement formally recognized the independence of the Dutch Republic and Switzerland and granted the German states the right to make treaties and alliances, thereby further weakening the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor. In religious affairs, the Peace of Westphalia expanded the Peace of Augsburg to include Calvinists, as well as Catholics and Lutherans. The Peace of Westphalia ended the Holy Roman Emperor's hope of restoring both his own power and the Catholic faith throughout the Empire. The Empire was now broken down into a number of virtually independent states. The end of the Thirty Years' War left Hapsburg Spain isolated. The French war against Spain continued on until around 1659, when the Treaty of the Pyrenees awarded France part of the Spanish Netherlands along with some territory in northern Spain. King Philip IV of Spain agreed at that time to the marriage of his daughter Maria Theresa to King Louis XIV of France. Together, the Peace of Westphalia and the Treaty of the Pyrenees established France as the predominant power on the European
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