This helped Britain gain such a large Empire because by trading they got money and power so that they could send out exploration ships and armies to go to other countries and take it. The final way that Britain gained such a large empire was by exploration. For example when someone was committed of a crime they would be sent to jail but the jails in Britain were so crowded there was no room so the convicts were sent to another country mainly America but when America became independent they had to be taken somewhere else, so they were sent by ship to Australia. They were only able to do this because Captain James Cook went on
They renamed the ship Virginia, although I’ll be using Merrimack by which it is better known. On March 6, 1862 the Monitor was delayed by a storm. Two days later on March 8, 1862 naval history was made. The first Confederate ironclad steamed down the Elizabeth River into Hampton Roads to attack the U.S. blockade. The Merrimack first headed toward a twenty-four-gun wooden hulled steam-sailing slope, Cumberland.
Law and Justice Foundation NSW, ‘Taking Justice into Custody: The Legal Needs of Prisoners’, Anne Grunseit et al. 2008, http://www.lawfoundation.net.au/report/prisoners [ 15 ]. Greg Barns, Prisoners and Barriers to their access to Legal Services’, (National Access to Justice and Pro Bono Services Conferences, Brisbane, 27 August 2010) https://wic041u.server-secure.com/vs155205_secure/CMS/files_cms/NA2JPBC2010-Barns.pdf [ 16 ]. Former Chief Justice Murray Gleeson, ‘Social Invisibility’ (Speech delivered at the St Vincent de Paul Society, Inaugural Gerald Ward Lecture, Canberra, 7 November 2008,) http://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/publications/speeches/former-justices/gleesoncj/gleeson7nov08.pdf [ 17 ]. Vexatious Proceedings Act NSW
The act was passed because the inadequacy of the current system was obvious, especially as the industrial revolution had hit Britain and towns were growing rapidly, leading to an increase in crime rate. For these reasons Peel decided to create to metropolitan police force. This administrative structure created served as a model fir the urban& rural police forces that we established in mid 1830’s. Furthermore as home secretary Peel also reformed the Penal code by removing the death penalty for over 180 crimes and introduced the Gaols Act (1823) as an attempt to improve the foul conditions of the prisons and increase efficiency of the system; he also repealed the Combinations act. The most important part of his career as home secretary would undoubtedly be his support to pass Catholic Emancipation in 1829.
Martin Luther exposed the corruption of the Catholic Church. Also, early Abolitionist works, such as Harriet Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin and Hinton Helper's The Impending Crisis used muckraking to get a point across. Although, events during the 1890s most directly paved the way for the critiques and exposures of existing conditions. This period was able to reach a limited upper class and the muckrakers were able to expand appeal to the average middle class citizen (Reiger 49-50). One reason for the outspread of muckraking was the explosion of journalism.
• Unpaved roads • Paved turnpikes (toll roads)-1790s; advances in network of roads 1840-60; stagecoaches • National Road (1811-38) • Overland trails (Oregon mapped 1836, Great Migration beings 1843, Santa Fe: US survey of trail authorized 1825; Mormon 1846) • Canal building: full effect felt in the 1820s and1830s. (Little canal construction in east by the 1830s, went on in the west until 1850s) • Erie canal (1817-25): 250 miles) • Steamboat (Fulton 1807; 700+ steamboats on Miss. & Ohio Rivers early 1830s) • Clipper ships • Steamships (1840s-1850s) • Railroads (beginning in 1830s); by 1860s, approximately 30,000 miles of track • Pony Express (1859) Economic Change: • Market Revolution: emergence of national economy • Steamboats and canals reduced freight rates to 1/10 of overland rates • Cheap land/ preemption/ speculation • Demand for agricultural commodities; Ohio, Indiana, Illinois become the breadbasket • Extended slavery • Plantations in the Old Southwest; not many small commercial communities • With advent of Erie Canal, the value of farm produces in western New York and the Ohio Valley more than doubled • The East provides capital and markets. New York is favored over New Orleans. Change in Mississippi River traffic.
These taxations also led to strikes and demonstrations becoming commonplace so could have caused Bloody Sunday itself. Witte’s economic reforms also led to another economic factor that caused the 1905 Revolution, the industrialisation of Russia. High speed industrialisation of Russia led to urbanisation causing a high density of people living in the towns and cities. This aided a social factor, the creation of a new urban working class and led to poor working and living conditions in Russia, this caused even greater resentment of the government and helped the formation of the SDs who also had a part to play in the 1905 Revolution. This high density of people living in towns and cities made it easier for revolutionary parties easier to rally and less easy to crush than when most people lived in more rural areas.
The government can be seen to be doing this through the vast amount of Council house’s that were built. This new approach was revolutionary compared to the previous Conservative government with Classical Economics where if Unemployment was low the government would not intervene; for the first time action was being down to prevent Unemployment. There were problems however, inflation had started to rise and by nationalising the Coal industry, mining became inefficient as there were now too many people working after the government overmanning of the mines.
1623 Dutchman Jan Carstenz described several armed encounters with Aborigines on the northern coast of Australia. Shots were fired and an Aboriginal man was hit. 1697 Englishman William Dampier visited the west coast of Australia. 1768 Anticipating that Captain Cook would discover the great southern land he was issued with special instructions to "with the consent of the natives take possession of convenient situations in the name of the King... or if you find the land uninhabited Take Possession for His Majesty". 1770 April 29 Captain James Cook in the Endeavour entered Botany Bay.
Hawkins, M 1998, Social Darwinism in European and American thought, 1860-1945; nature as model as nature as threat, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Markus, A (ed) 1974, From the barrel of a gun: The oppression of the Aborigines, 1860-1900, Victorian Historical Association, Melbourne. Neville A 1947, Australia's Coloured Minority: Its Place in the Community, Currawong Publishing, Sydney. Smith, L 1999, Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples, University of Otago Press, Dunedin. Stone, S (ed) 1974, Aborigines in white Australia: A documentary history of the attitudes affecting official policy and the Australian Aborigine, 1697-1973, The Griffin Press, Adelaide.