Problem Set Essay

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Topic 8, 18 Acids & Bases Problem Set 2 1. What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid? (1) a substance that when dissolved in water increases the concentration of hydrogen ion, H+ 2. What is the Arrhenius definition of a base? (1) a substance that when added to water increases the concentration of hydroxide ion, OH-(aq). 3. What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid (1) Acids are species that donate a proton (H+). 4. What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base? (1) bases are species that accept a proton. 5. Explain why is H+ the same thing as a proton? (2) hydrogen ion contains 1 electron and 1 proton, H+ ion forms when H ion lost an electron, and therefore it’s is the same thing as a proton 6. What is the chemical formula for a hydronium ion? (1) H3O+ 7. Show the relationship between a proton and a hydronium ion. Explain why one is essentially the same as the other. (2) 8. Determine the conjugate acid-base pairs in the following reactions: (Use 2 lines to connect the 2 pairs in each reaction.) (3) a. NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ↔ NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) (base)NH3 and (acid)NH4+ OH- and H2O b. HNO2(aq) + H2O(l) ↔ H3O+(aq) + NO2-(aq) H2O and H3O+ NO2 and HNO2 c. HCN(aq) + H2O(l) ↔ H3O+(aq) + CN-(aq) CN and HCN H2O and H3O+ 9. How is the formula of a conjugate acid similar to its conjugate base, and how is it different? (2) They all transform to same molecules, vut Conjugate acid donates an H+ ion and conjugate base gains an H+ ion 10. Show how ammonia, NH3, is a base according to the Bronsted-Lowry definition, but not according to the Arrhenius definition. (Hint: See #8a.) (2) Although NH3 forms OH- with water, it did not donate any proton to form OH- but only gain. Therefore, it is a Bronsted-Lowry base but not an Arrhenius base 11. Define the following terms: (5) a. strong acid: acid that

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