Children develop quickly in the early years and a child’s experiences between birth and age 5 have a major impact on their future life. A secure, safe and happy childhood is important in its own right. Good parenting and high quality early learning together provide the foundation children need to make the
By the time a child reaches the age of six if he / she has experienced neglect his/her chances of having overall poor physical health increases .Infants can develop poor physical health if neglect starts even before the child I born. A child deprived of basic necessities, such as proper pre-natal care is at risk of being born prematurely or having complications during child birth A developing child requires proper nutrition, protection and good health. About 80% of neglected children display attachment disorder symptoms and eventually form insecurities. Any child suffering neglect usually find relationships with peers disturbed and become
In terms of similarities they noted that proximity-seeking and contact maintaining behaviour intensified during separation and when the stranger appeared whereas resisting and avoiding behaviours occurred rarely towards the caregiver prior to separation. In terms of differences they found and categorized it into three different types of attachment; secure attachment, insecure-avoidant attachment and insecure-resistant attachment. Secure attachment is when an infant has a strong contended bond with their caregiver. They show distress at separation but are easily comforted when reunited with their caregiver. They found that it was the most popular form of attachment and is related to healthy development as the infants use the caregiver as a secure base form to explore and to function independently in the future.
It can affect the child in many ways as they can become nervous and anxious resulting in them becoming withdrawn and have a lack of confidence at the thought of a new school, they may be leaving close friendship groups making them upset and feeling alone. Most children will experience a new baby in the family. Younger children may find this difficult as they will still be used to having all of the attention and not understand why the family set up has changed, this could lead them to reverting back to baby ways themselves, have tantrums, be unkind to the new baby or become clingy. An older child may feel left out and become withdrawn and feel in the way, which could result in them not feeling a part of the new family. They may endure sleepless nights and loose sleep making them tired and unable to concentrate when at school.
Children of separated couples may also perform worse at school and have poorer future employment prospects. Some children are less likely to have successful relationships themselves as adults. However, it is not inevitable that all children will suffer long term harm from the break up of a parent’s relationship. Reference: One plus One strengthening relationships www.oneplusone.org.uk New Sibling: Very young children will find this the most difficult to cope with, vying for parental attention for the first time. Some children may ‘play up’ in response to the stress of the life change.
The mind frame which an adolescent is permanently damaged with is not a healthy one. The learned behavior that a male or female carry on becomes an unhealthy cycle. It is too often that adults don’t realize that the major victim to domestic violence is the innocent child who lives the domestic violence environment. For example, young preschool children witnessing domestic violence has a negative effect on the development of preschool. There is a discrepancy between exposed and non-exposed children in cognitive ability as well as externalizing and internalizing behavior problems.
The way in which the child behaves during the strange situation is determined by the behaviour the care giver presents to the child. For example insecure children are associated with inconsistent mothers and absent child are associated with unresponsive mothers (Oates, 2005). The desired attachment categorise is secure attachment.secure children are confident that the attachment figure will meet their needs, that they will provide a safe base. The children are easily soothed and look to the figure during distress or upset, these attachments are formed if the figure responses to their needs and is sensitive to their signals (Oates, 2005). As described by winncot ‘ good enough mothers’.
Age Characteristics Up to 9 months By nine months babies are still shy with strangers but will show their affection to carers. They will enjoy being with others and playing simple games like peek-a-boo. 1 – 2 years At this age children may show separation anxiety from adults close to them. They may choose a particular object such as a teddy or blanket to comfort them and play becomes more fun with other children and they will mostly be cooperative. Children can now be easily distracted to avoid unwanted behaviour.
Even this problem can be fixed by simply obeying the babysitter. When the babysitter relays to children’s parents how well-behaved the kids were, the parents may decide to give the kid more privileges, therefore making the child feel more mature. When the babysitter first arrives, they will attempt to determine what the kids will be like. They want to know if the kids will be well-behaved, or if the whole time while be spent trying to make the kids obey. Children who do not respect the sitter’s authority will tend to find themselves in an all-night struggle for control.
2.2 Parent-child Relationship Parent–child relationship quality is a measure of either the child or parent’s perception of the quality of their relationship (Crowl et al., 2008). The importance of the quality of parent-child relationship lies in the ability of children to form healthy and secure relationships. As young as the age of 2, children develop different attachment styles to their parents as demonstrated in Ainsworth’s experiment called Strange Situation (Kalat, 2015). Children with secure attachments tend to form trusting and stable relationships in the future while those with insecure attachments are mostly to develop into suspicious adults who lack trust in their relationships. As of present, the majority of literature has investigated