The lack of emotional care can possibly result in no attachment being formed. It can also result in permanent harm to the infants social and emotional development. The study conducted by Hodges and Tizard (1989) was of ex-institutional children. He aimed to see effects of children who had suffered early privation. He also wanted to test Bowlby's Maternal deprivation (or privation) hypothesis.
Not every child has been fortunate enough to grow up in a loving family, and the majority of us who have had this privilege, take it for granted. Imagine the life of a foster child; these children suffer not only trauma from their unfit homes but from constantly being placed in a new foster home, relative’s home, group home or an emergency facility. These children are rarely lucky enough to have the comfort of a stable and consistent home, and many are taken from one abusive environment to another. When the government removes children from parents it claims are abusive, neglectful or unfit the government must place the children in a safer environment than the one they left. In many cases, this does not happen.
Outline and evaluate research into the effects of institutionalisation (12 marks) Olivia Gibson Hodges and Tizard conducted a natural experiment that was longitudinal. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of institutional upbringing on later attachments. They studied 65 children who were all 16 years old and were brought up in a care home for the first four years of their lives. During their stay in the children’s home they had little opportunity to form an attachment because the children's home had a policy forbidding the staff to form attachments with the children, and so the care given was functional and lacked warmth, also staff turnover rate was high; by the age of two the children had approximately 24 carers each. At the age of four 25 of them were returned to their biological families, 33 of them were adopted and 7 of them were kept in the institution and occasionally adopted.
Children of separated couples may also perform worse at school and have poorer future employment prospects. Some children are less likely to have successful relationships themselves as adults. However, it is not inevitable that all children will suffer long term harm from the break up of a parent’s relationship. Reference: One plus One strengthening relationships www.oneplusone.org.uk New Sibling: Very young children will find this the most difficult to cope with, vying for parental attention for the first time. Some children may ‘play up’ in response to the stress of the life change.
Foster Care does more harm than good Foster Care is a system established to enhance the lives of children without stable homes to reside in. I have friends and associates that have been raised in an unstable institution, group home, or private foster care home. I don’t believe that all children that come from a foster care situation end up becoming delinquents to our society. I think most foster care children don’t feel loved and appreciated, this could be a result of why foster children don’t demonstrate much love and affection towards their foster parents. In this discussion I want my audience to understand how unstable our foster care system is these days.
Discuss the possible consequences of privation. Refer to the Romanian Orphan Studies in your answer. AO1 * Privation is the failure to form an attachment, this may be due to extremely poor parenting or prolonged stays away from a potential attachment figure. Possible consequences of privation are intellectual retardation, anti-social behaviour in later life an inability to form relationships and lack of guilt. * Rutter investigated the progress of 111 Romanian Orphans who were brought to Britain for adoption.
Children’s friendship with others help them develop their emotional understanding, interaction, empathy and social skills. Children who lack friends tend to feel isolated, suffer insecurities and usually withdraw themselves more. They may struggle to communicate, share and understand the needs and feelings of others. As they grow older the insecurities may lead to self-hate and self-harm. They will also lack people to confide in or go to for advice Child neglect, often overlooked, is the most common form of child maltreatment.
Separation anxiety 3.Reunion behaviour 4.Stranger Anxiety. One of the biggest weaknesses of Ainsworth’s experiment was that it may not just measure the attachment types of the infant but more so the quality of the relationship between the infant and caregiver. Second of all an experiment by Main and Weston found that infants behave differently depending on the parent that they are with. Therefore this could mean that SS doesn’t actually fully measure what it is meant to which automatically decreases the validity of the strange situation as a measurement of attachment type. On the other hand some may argue that the only relationship that is of relevance is your primary caregiver, which is the
Support for this can be found when Hodge and Tizard found that children who were in care and were unable to form attachments had difficulty in forming relationships throughout their childhood and into adulthood. Although Bowlby’s theory is generally accepted as the prevalent theory, it does have criticisms. First
Discriminating to enthusiastic needs of youngsters is the way of family structure. Losing one individual in a gathering of two crushes the relationship. Structure, accordingly, makes a more noteworthy requirement for upkeep of the relationship through the representation of friendship. The dissent of negative emotions may limit critical thinking exertions (Phelan, 1979) . As indicated by The Family Pediatrics Report (2003), the dangers for enthusiastic, behavioral, and instructive issues are lower among youngsters in 2-guardian families as a rule.