The Coffin of Pedi-Osiris, Pedi-Osiris was also known as the Lord of the Underworld, was made between the years of 305 BC-30 AD by various Egyptian artists using an Egyptian mummification process. The coffin, standing at more than 7 feet tall and large enough to contain the Priest, who enclosed in numerous layers of linen cloth, was made to resemble religious semiology and linear decorations using wood, polychrome, gold inlay and paint. Egyptian religion believed in resurrection after death and coffins were made to represent the life after death in order to ensure a successful rebirth. The artists used elaborate and detailed scenes using linear designs and hieroglyphs engravings on the sarcophagus to instruct and assist the Priest on his journey the through the underworld into the afterlife. The ancient Egyptian sarcophagi included illustrations depicting animals, religious proceedings and funerals that are painted on both sides of the coffin.
They also believed that the previous eras had ended with destruction by natural hazards. The era they believed to have lived was the finial era and was supposed to end in same fate. One of the many beliefs of Aztec is that the human body was believed to contain three souls, or a spiritual entities, which could be strengthened or weakened during a person's lifetime. The Aztecs worshipped over 1000 gods, so they are seen as polytheistic, each of those Gods had status and had individual skills, needs, desires and stories. Often these Gods are seen same as humans in their personality trait wise, they hold individual powers, abilities and perception.
Once these requirements are fulfilled, the Ancient Egyptians believed that the journey of the king in the afterlife can be reassured. Thus, as one of the most important and intact archaeological find of the century, Tutankhamun’s tomb reveals the burial customs and religious beliefs of New Kingdom Egypt. The study and investigation of Tutankhamun’s body along with evidence from his tomb has revealed funerary practices during the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. The Ancient Egyptians stressed the importance of the preservation of the Pharaoh’s body that can be used to gain immortality. Thus, mummification was a 70-day complicated preservation technique used to prevent the royal body from decay.
With reference to Sources A, B, C and D and other archaeological evidence, explain what Tutankhamun’s tomb and its contents reveal about the life and religious beliefs of a New Kingdom Pharaoh. British archaeologist, Howard Carter, discovered the tomb of King Tutankhamun in 1922. Many secrets were revealed about the life of Tutankhamun and his role as a New Kingdom pharaoh through the contents found in his tomb. The immense amount of treasures and wall paintings in his tomb provide sufficient evidence as to the religious beliefs of the young King and the life he lived. The wall paintings in Tutankhamun’s tomb explain the importance of the afterlife, particularly in relation to the pharaoh himself, and the Egyptian people.
The most common idea associated with the Gundestup Cauldron consists of resurrection. (The re-uniting of the spirit and body of an individual, or the raising of a person from death.) As the piece of European Iron Age silver work, the Gundestup Cauldron has especially high quality workmanship and iconographic variety. So far, scholastic opinions are largely divided into two groups: those who argue for the Goulash origin (Celtic west) and those who argue for the Thracian origin (Lower Danube in southeastern
Another artefact that clearly shows this relationship is the lamp found in the antechamber. These artefacts clearly reveal a personal and intimate portion of Tutankhamun’s life. Body 2- Warrior Pharaoh/ Military By studying the artefacts in Tutankhamun’s tomb, historians have a greater understanding of the boy King’s military life and his portrayal of a Warrior Pharaoh. An inscription on the artefact in figure 8.9 referred to Tutankhamun as ‘A Possessor of strength who tramples hundreds of thousands, who makes them into a pile of corpses’, this immediately creates an idea that Tut was a warrior. It is the pharaoh’s duty to defeat the enemy forces and to establish and maintain order throughout Egypt.
Cueva de El Castillo Looking at the Stone Age Cueva de El Castillo Looking at the Stone Age Located in the northern most province of Spain, Cueva of El Castillo arguably holds the oldest cave paintings known to earth. The "Cave of the Castle" has over 150 images catalogued with several dating 35,000 years old and a few dating 40,800 years. (U-Series Dating of Paleolithic Art) Spanish archaeologist Hermilio Alcalde del Rio first discovered the cave in 1903 on his quest to learn about early cave paintings. He found the time of these earliest paintings are in the Aurignacian cultural era, tools used in this time were made of bone, flint and antler. The paintings and carvings in the cave were made with these early tools.
Whereas both are evidence of wealth, power, kings and gods, each has distinctive features to represent their individual purpose. Ziggurats where usually huge stepped structures with a temple at the top. The Nanna Ziggurat was probably used for and symbolized a place for humans to encounter with their gods. Unlike Nanna Ziggurat, Khafre’s Pyramid was used as a tomb for a royal king. The body of the King was taken from his royal palace then into the funerary temple where it received elaborate ceremonies.
Osiris Appearance: * A mummified man wearing a white cone-like headdress with feathers Osiris was the god of the dead, and ruler of the underworld. Osiris was the brother/husband of Isis, and the brother of Nepthys and Seth. He was also the father of Horus. As well as being a god of the dead, Osiris was a god of resurrection and fertility. In fact, the ancient Egyptians believed that Osiris gave them the gift of barley, one of their most important crops.
Sumerian kings built many towers to please and worship their gods. The towers were made of brick plat forms with shrines at the top. A Ziggurat was an ancient Mesopotamian tower with staircases outside and a shrine at the top.