Muammar Qaddafi Essay

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Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi: commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi or Colonel Gaddafi, was the autocratic ruler of Libya from 1969, when he seized power in a bloodless military coup. He stepped down from his official executive role as Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Libya in 1977, and claimed subsequently to be merely a symbolic figurehead while continuing to rule Libya as its de facto autocrat. In 2011, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya regime he established was overthrown in a civil war which consisted of an uprising aided by a NATO intervention. His 42-year leadership prior to the uprising made him the fourth longest-serving non-royal leader since 1900, as well as the longest-serving Arab leader.] He variously styled himself as "the Brother Leader" and "Guide of the Revolution"; in 2008 a meeting of traditional African rulers bestowed on him the title "King of Kings. After seizing power in 1969, he abolished the Libyan Constitution of 1951. He established laws based on the political ideology] he had formulated, called the Third International Theory and published in The Green Book. After establishing the jamahiriya ("state of the masses") system in 1977, he officially stepped down from power and had since then held a largely symbolic role within the country's offical governance structure. Rising oil prices and extraction in Libya led to increasing revenues. By exporting as much oil per capita as Saudi Arabia and through various welfare programs, Libya achieved the highest living standards in Africa; though not as high as several similarly oil-rich Gulf countries,[11][12] Libya remained debt-free under his regime.[13] Gaddafi and his relatives had been accused by critics of taking over much of the economy. Gaddafi started several wars and acquired chemical weapons. The United Nations called Libya under Gaddafi a pariah state. In the 1980s,

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