Von papen arranged another election hoping to win more support from the reichstag, however, he fell short once more to the Nazis, obtaining an even fewer amount of seats. Von Papen out of desperate nature, asked Hindenburg to close down the Reichstag and rule by decree. Von Schleicer warned Hindenburg that Von papen government would lead to civil war and an increase of violence between Nazis and communists, so Von Schleicer instead, was appointed chancellor. This position didn't last even two months and Von Papen was furious, negotiating with Hitler to allow him position of Chancellor with Papen himself Vice Chancellor. Hindenburg refused a Nazi government once more.
Hitler persuaded Hindenburg to call a fresh general election for 5 March 1933, arguing that the NSDAP had been unable to form a coalition with the Centre Party. At the end of February the Reichstag burned down. Hitler immediately blamed the Communists, whipped up anti-Communist hysteria and banned them from taking part in the forthcoming elections. (It was widely believed that the Nazis were responsible for the fire). On 23 March 1933 the Reichstag passed the Enabling Law by a two-thirds majority (444 out of 647 - only the SPD voted against (94)) and enabled the Chancellor to rule by decree without even the need for approval by the President.
Leave No Shot Unanswered - Stephanopoulos Learns His Lesson In 1988, George Stephanopoulos was a mid-level campaign aide to Democratic presidential nominee Michael Dukakis. He saw his candidate’s 17-point lead over then Vice President George Bush plummet as week-after-week, Bush’s campaign attacked Dukakis as someone who gave dangerous prisoners weekend furloughs and refused to require the Pledge of Allegiance in schools. Bush painted Dukakis as a big spending, big taxing, and far left Massachusetts liberal. Week-after-week, Dukakis failed to respond to these attacks quickly and effectively. By the time November rolled around, Bush won by a sizable eight points.
The manifesto offered free speech, the right to form political parties and it created a “democratic” elected house of parliament – called a Duma. Despite the fact the Tsar promised all of these things for the people, after he had crushed the revolution he actually did very little to promote what he had promised. This is because he issued the Fundamental Laws, meaning the Tsar's ministers could not be appointed by the Duma, therefore denying the Duma a lot of what had been originally suggested. Furthermore, the Tsar had the power to dismiss the Duma and announce new elections whenever he wished, this further undermined democratic elements in government which showed that Nicholas II was untrustworthy and didn’t keep his promises. The Tsar’s ability to make false promises to the people was a reason for him being able to survive the revolution of 1905 but not of 1907 as people knew by then that he was untrustworthy.
I agree that the enabling act was the most important factor in Hitler’s consolidation of power because the enabling act allowed Hitler to pass decrees without the president’s involvement it also made Hitler a legal dictator he has absolute power. Hitler was still not secure as he could not remove his opponents like the civil service who could undermine the Weimar republic also Hindenburg could still sack Hitler at anytime. For the next 4 years if Hitler wanted a new law he could just pass it and because of enabling act he didn’t need to consult the Reichstag. He intimidated the Reichstag into passing the enabling act by using the S.A. the Nazis won their largest even share of the votes and with support of the smaller nationalist parties Hitler had the majority of seats in the Reichstag one of the Nazis main aims. However the Reichstag fire plus emergency decrees was also another important factor in Hitler’s rise to power because they were able to take advantage of the situation when the Reichstag build burned down as he was able to then blame the communists for this a declared that it was the start of a communist uprising and that he needed to act and got Hindenburg to grant him the emergency decrees to help deal with this uprising.
In 1932 Hitler won 230 seats in the Reichstag, making the Nazi party the largest in the Reichstag automatically making Hitler Chancellor. But it wouldn’t work like that. President Hindenburg, Franz von Papen and General von Schleicher all hated and distrusted Hitler so it was not going to be easy for Hitler to become Chancellor. Hindenburg could however see that Hitler and the Nazis could prove helpful so he appointed von Papen as Chancellor. Von Papen had no support in the Reichstag but he hoped that he could ‘get in’ with the Nazis and other right-wing parties.
He was also under threat from other groups especially the Communist Party. After the Wall Street Crash ( October 1929) many people looked to extremist groups such as the Nazi and Communist Parties. People blamed the Social Democrats who were linked to the Weimar Republic for the economic failure and this is why popularity grew for the Nazi Party. It was essential to gain a two thirds majority in the Reichstag if Hitler hoped to pass any laws of his own. So one of the first things Hitler did after becoming Chancellor was to dissolve the Reichstag and call for a fresh election on the 5th March 1933.
This is big news about the situation of opposition party’s nominee. He can’t even care about his colleague’s stance about his party, how could he became the president of Uganda. By the way, text 2 is a significant article in history. It is extremely interesting because the research that done by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein caused the first resignation from Presidency in United States. They divulged the plot that planned by Richard Nixon and his colleagues.
The man who started it all was Porfirio Díaz. Díaz seemed promising at the time of his election in 1877, but he quickly turned into a power hungry dictator that would defy the constitution and refuse to relinquish his presidential power for seven terms. Alan Knight wrote in his article entitled THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION, “Like many of Mexico’s nineteenth-century rulers, Díaz was an army officer who had come to power by a coup. Unlike his predecessors, however, he established a stable political system, in which the formally representative Constitution of 1857 was bypassed, local political bosses (caciques) controlled elections, political opposition, and public order, while a handful of powerful families and their clients monopolized economic and political provinces. The whole system was fuelled and lubricated by the new money pumped into the economy by rising foreign trade and investment.” (p.29) Because only a small group controlled the government and elections, Díaz was able to imprison or disempower political opponents, and fabricate election results.
The military strength he possessed was far greater than the Nationalists so when he made a bid for the presidency, Sun felt that he had to step aside. Sun stepped aside on Yuan’s promise of democracy, but this was naïve of him because Yuan had no intention of allowing democracy, and it soon became clear that he was establishing a dictatorship. The Nationalists now in the guise of the GMD political party won the election, but in the face of Yuan’s dictatorial policies, these election victories were meaningless. Sun realised this and called for a second revolution, but this was easily crushed by Yuan’s forces and the GMD was banned by Yuan. The Nationalists could not fight an all-powerful military dictator like Yuan, and were now in a very weak position.