Mao Zedong was one of the most infamous dictators of the 20th century. His life was twisted and moulded by hatred and disdain for the oppressive Nationalist government he lived under. He swiftly became one of the most evil men to have ruled over the East. His misanthropic ways and voracity for power led to the death of 60 million Chinese citizens from 1949 - 1976. Mao adapted Communist ideas to China and he followed in Joseph Stalin’s footsteps by abusing his power and crippling the Chinese in fear with his totalitarian rule.
While the protest lacked an identical cause or leadership, most of the protesters were generally against the economic policies and authoritarian of the ruling of the Chinese Communist Party and expressing calls for democratic reforms in the structure of government. The PRC government then used betrayal as an excuse and in Beijing, and used military force to suppress the demonstrators. The resulting military crack down caused a number of innocent citizens dead or injured. The report on number of deaths and injured ranged from two hundred – three hundred (PRC government) to two thousand – three thousand (Chinese Red Cross). Following the violence, the government carried out mass arrests of demonstrators and suppressed their supporters and other protests around China.
It should be recognised that before Chiang became ruler, there were many domestic problems which overshadowed China which created an unstable society. China was in desperate need for reform, democracy and strong leadership after the torment of the warlord era. China’s most major domestic problem was undoubtedly the warlords which had shattered and fragmented China and had led to political unrest. Chiang was able to launch an offensive called the Northern Expedition to remove the warlords and their hold over China with an alliance with the CCP. This had a massive impact on the country as it had successfully stopped civil and political unrest which had previously been threating the harmony of the country.
Although these were dimensions they were hoping to achieve, “modernization was incompatible with Chinese traditional culture” (Keping, 158). Traditional Chinese culture is focused on the significant importance of family. Jung states in his article, Traditional Chinese Culture, that the “family stability is attained through a patriarchal structure.” The roles are determined by age, sex, and generational status (Jung, 89). The traditional families are large, however, the modern day government, People’s Republic of China, encourages small families through financial incentives (Jung, 90). Blind Shaft is an emotional and dramatic account of the lives of two nomadic coal miners, Song and Tang.
The Guanxi practice which means relationship or connections in China despite its bad sides was well accepted culture in China. In order for one to be successful in business in China, one should be aware about the Guanxi culture. The RDH thought HI would bring improvements and they really disappointed the Chinese Government.
Regarding mao, He actually gained support by the things he did such as, giving his people better education and giving women more rights. Thus, Both Mao and Gandhi made their countries what they are today socially, economically, and politically. Although the things they wanted to do were alike, the way they actually did was dissimilar. Gandhi was a peaceful leader, no matter what happens, whereas Mao was a violent leader. China and
But there is a less common literature that puts the economic strategy of Mao Zedong as the basis for Chinese economic miracle by affirming that Deng Xiaoping’s reforms only exploited in a correct manner an already built solid economic system installed during the Maoist period. What this essay tries to do is evaluate the possible pertinence of this alternative theory along with an analysis of such economic policies with the intention of understanding furthermore the possible consequences the Maoist era could have on the subsequent growth. In 1976, the Maoist era was ending with some rather doubtful results, as the tragic death of more than 50 million from the violence and starvation, starting a new era and leading to the economic miracle China is now experiencing. Although the general appreciation of Maoist economic policies is quite bad, the official data the Chinese state presented at the time was an elevated growth comparable to the contemporary growth we now consider a “miracle” of other countries. According to these sometimes criticized figures, China grew all through the 1960’s and 1970’s alongside Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore with annual growth figures reaching short below 10% (Deng, (2009)).
The overseas Chinese played a pivotal role in the economic front for china because during period of national disasters, they would raise money. They also facilitated in the building of china’s infrastructure through the contributions to industrial programs such as building roads, bridges, schools, railways and contributed on other investments for the china. Their remittances to china were important because it was one of the main sources of income of households in china. The importance was also seen in the attempts by the Qing dynasty to get the support from the Chinese merchants through awards and recognition in their contribution to the Chinese economy. They helped the economy by buying Chinese products and boycotted foreign products.
He intended to provide an industrial basis for China by ordering 25,000 strictly regimented communes, thus making agriculture more efficient which would enable more farmers to labour in industry. He also believed that the abolition of private ownership would stop peasants indulging themselves by overeating so more mouths could be fed. However these ideas of Mao backfired and the disruption caused by ending private farming was a major cause to the famine because it discouraged peasants from producing food beyond their own immediate needs. The results of collectivisation were disastrous because the production simply didn’t compare with the population, in 1958 China produced 200 million tonnes of wheat and by 1960 it had fell 143.5 million. The falls in production led to 300,000,000 Chinese deaths so Mao’s agricultural policy was extremely responsible for the scale of the great famine in China.
Stability and order is important for any country, especially in China. The historical institutional lessons made Chinese government more focus on the order and stability. stability is the sentiment of people, it representing the acceptance of what is being proposed. Order and stability are the pillar components to support the government, without order and stability, the government will collapse obvious. Deng Xiaoping(Deng) claimed that stability is the fundamental of any development in China.