Plasma and red blood cells transport substances to or away from cell. White blood cells and platelets are parts of the immune system. Blood plasma is mostly made up of water which is from respiration and is absorbed from the large intestine. Water can also be reabsorbed from the kidney. This is very important as this allows osmosis occurs in our bodies.
Each renal artery enters its respective kidney at the renal hilus and divides into interlobar arteries. These arteries divide into smaller arcuate arteries and interlobular arteries. The smallest branches of the interlobular arteries are the afferent arterioles which carry blood into the glomerulus a knot of capillaries at the core of each nephron. The afferent arterioles are also lined with juxtaglomerular cells which help to control blood pressure.Each glomerulus is surrounded by a cup-shaped structure call Bowman's capsule. The blood pressure in the glomerulus is high enough that about 10% of the blood fluid volume is squeezed out and absorbed by the Bowman's capsule.
Water filters from the blood through the kidneys. Urine is also formed through the kidneys (helps remove wastes). When blood enters the kidney from the renal artery, it moves into the glomerulus, where filtration occurs. This is where water and dissolved particles are pulled out of the blood, resulting in a filtrate, which is then collected by the Bowman’s capsule. The nephron itself will then restore the vital nutrients and water back into the blood, while retaining the waste products the needs to eliminate, through the proximal and distal tubules.
The renal capsule is itself surrounded by a mass of fatty tissue that also helps to protect the kidney by damage by cushioning it in cases of impact or sudden movement. Renal cortex: The renal cortex is the outer part of the kidney and has a reddish colour (shown as very pale brown above). It has a smooth texture and is the location of the Bowman's Capsules and the glomeruli, in addition to the proximal and distal convoluted tubules and their associated blood supplies (these structures are part of the k idney nephrons - described in further detail on the page about k idney nephrons). Renal medulla: The renal medulla is the inner part of the kidney. "Medulla" means "inner portion".
We would also be more prone to infection in our urinary tract and other areas of our bodies. Tissue repair is a four step process. The first step consists of the broken blood vessels bleeding into the wound. The second step is when the blood clot forms to make a barrier to the outside world. Your white blood cells go to work under the scab to get rid of bacteria and cellular debris.
So a drug requires a number of partitioning and diffusion step. In this route drug passes through cytoplasm of cells. This route is suitable for hydrophilic drugs and highly hydrated keratin gives aqueous pathway to the hydrophilic drugs. The drug passes through the corneocytes of stratum corneum. iii) Intercellular route :- Intercellular pathway the drug diffuses through the continuous lipid matrix present between the cells.
The cystic artery’s function is to supply passage of oxygenated blood to the gallbladder neck and the common bile duct. 16. What is the function of the portal vein? The portal vein carries blood that contains digested food from the small intestine to the liver. 17.
These glands provide a major shell of protection for the stomach wall and contribute to lubrication of food transport. The mucus produced by these mucus-secreting cells is alkaline (thus the normal stomach wall is not exposed to the highly acidic and proteolytic stomach secretions directly). o Oxyntic/gastric glands: • Located on the inside surfaces of the body and fundus of the stomach • Constitute the proximal 80% of the stomach • A typical gland is composed of 3 types of cells: mucous neck cells which secrete mainly mucus; peptic/chief cells which secrete large quantities of pepsinogen; parietal/oxyntic cells which secrete hydrochloric acid (gastric acid) and intrinsic factor o Pyloric glands: • Are located in the antral portion of the stomach • Make up the distal 20% of the stomach • Secrete mainly mucus for protection of the pyloric mucosa from gastric acid; also secrete the hormone gastrin and a small amount of pepsinogen o Pepsinogen: • Secreted mainly by peptic cells of the oxyntic glands, but a small amount is also secreted from the mucous cells of the oxyntic glands and from the pyloric glands (function is the same) • Molecular weight = c. 42,500 Da • Is inactive when first secreted into the into the stomach • Is activated to form pepsin: during this process, pepsinogen is split into a 35,000 Da molecule (pepsin) HCl creates an acidic environment which allows pepsinogen to
A brief overview of normal anatomy............. The Lymphatic system consists of two components, and they are the Meandering network of lymphatic vessels and then the various lymphoid tissues and organs that are scattered throughout our body! There are many networks of vessels throughout our bodies known as lymphatic vessels which form a one-way system, which runs towards the heart, that’s function is to collect and return fluid leaked from the blood vessels back into the circulatory system. Without the Lymphatic system, there would be an approximate of 3 litres a day of fluid remaining in our bodies that are not picked up by the venous vessels, which without being drained away can lead to Oedema. [= a build-up of fluid which causes the affected tissue to become swollen] There are 3 vessels that carry the remaining fluid, and they vary in size from smallest to largest.
One realizes the importance of understanding the circulation system when you consider the fact that impairment to blood supplies is the leading cause of lesions in the central nervous system. It is also important to have knowledge of the distribution of blood in the brain via the various branches, since any interruption in the blood supply is often associated with characteristic neuropsychological signs and symptoms. Blood transports oxygen and other nutrients necessary for the health of neurons, so a constant flow of blood to the brain must be maintained. 1.1 SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY: The main artery of the body is called the aorta. It supplies blood to all parts of the body with the exception of the lungs.