“The medulla is further divided into numerous sections called the medullary pyramids.”This region is known as the pelvis of the kidney. The medullary pyramids have urine dripping into the pelvis. The branches of the emerging arterioles of the renal artery usually go along the border found between the medulla and cortex. The smaller branches given off at right angles provided million or more of nephrons into the cortex of the kidney. Structure and function of nephrons/kidney tubules “Nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney.” The nephron consists of a tubule closed at one end, the other and opening into a collecting tubule.
They form the lining of cavities such as the mouth, blood capillaries, heart and lung alveoli and make up the outer layers of the skin. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium are roughly square in shape and have a circular nucleus in the centre of each cell. They are found in glands and in the lining of the kidney tubules. Simple Columnar Epithelium occur in one or more layers. They are elongated and column shaped.
• It transports white blood cells to and from the lymph nodes into the bones. Structure of the lymphatic system: The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system. It is a network of tissues and organs that consists of lymph vessels, lymph nodes and lymph. The tonsils, adenoids, spleen and thymus are all part of the lymphatic system. The lymph vessels collect fluid, called lymph from the body tissues and return it to the blood, maintaining the fluid balance within the body.
Kidney failure and its scientific solutions Figure 1: ALL ABOUT OUR KIDNEYS, 2015 Kidneys are bean- shaped excretory organs found in the body. There are two of them in the body. They are positioned against the back muscles in the upper abdominal cavity, one on the left and the other on the right. The right kidney is lower than the left one because it needs to accommodate or provide space for the liver. The kidneys remove waste products like excess salts, toxins and urea (a nitrogenous based compound that is produced after deamination) from the blood and they balance water and the body fluids.
Cardiovascular system has three main functions: Transport of nutrients, oxygen and hormones to cells throughout our body and removal of metabolic wastes such as (carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes). Protections of the human body by while blood cells, antibodies and complement proteins that circulate in the blood and defend our body against foreign microbes and toxic. Clotting mechanisms are also present that protect the human body from blood loss after injuries. Regulation of body temperature, fluid pH and water content of
P3 Outline the gross structure and function of all the main body systems Cardiovascular - Heart The heart is a muscular hollow organ and is the size of an adults closed fist. It is located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs and protected by the rib cage. The heart is a double pump, each side consisting of a muscular upper chamber (the atrium) and a lower chamber (the ventricle). (Stretch B, 2010, P199) The heart is split into 4 different sections, the right side (tricuspid) of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood from the veins to the lungs for oxygenation. The left side (bicuspid) pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body; the left chamber has a bigger muscular wall than the other chambers and is stronger, so it is able to pump the blood the whole of the body including the head and neck, as it is against the force of gravity.
About one centimeter from the celiac axis, you find the SMA which supplies the small intestine, cecum and parts of the colon. There are anatomical variations where there can be a common trunk of the celiac artery and SMA. The renal arteries which are right below the SMA, supply blood to the kidneys, supra renal glands and the ureters. Multiple renal arteries are not uncommon bilaterally. The IMA arises from the abdominal
kidneys/urinary system 2. Name four of the six functions of water. a. lubrication b. temperature regulation c. protection d. delivers oxygen and nutrients/removes waste 3. a. The amount of water in the body depends on the amount of fat tissue. b.
It restricts water loss as it prevents the invasion of underlying structures by bacteria. 2. Control permeability. “Any substance that enters or leaves the body must cross an epithelium. Some epithelia are relatively impermeable; other are easily crossed by compounds as large as proteins” (Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, Fifth Edition.
Produces essential proteins and clotting factors for the blood and regulates metabolism and cholesterol. Gall Bladder – Stores bile secreted by liver. Bile is used to help dissolve fats in the small intestine. Pancreas – Functions both as an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland. Exocrine portion secretes digestive enzymes carried to the duodenum.