Which type of intermolecular attraction (dispersion force, or hydrogen bond) exists in each of the following liquids? hydrogen bond hydrogen bond dispersion force hydrogen bond Predict which liquid in each pair has the higher boiling point. CH3COOH C2H5OH If the molecules in a liquid are weakly attracted, which of the following properties has a high value? vapor pressure (high when attraction is low) boiling point is low (it is only high when molecules are strongly attracted) viscosity is low (it is only high when molecules are strongly attracted) surface tension is low (it is only high when molecules are strongly attracted) Distinguish between a solid and a liquid at the molecular level. Solids and liquids differ at
Calculations involving the Mole, Avogadro’s Number, Molar Mass, Mole-Mole and Mass-Mole calculations in chemical equations. Combustion analysis and calculation of empirical and molecular formulas from composition analysis. Electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Precipitation reactions and solubility rules. Writing balanced molecular equations and net ionic equations.
Explain how metallic bonding gives metals their unique properties. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 9. Describe how covalent and ionic bonds differ with regard to melting point, boiling point, and bond strength. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 10. Explain the difference between polar covalent and nonpolar covalent bonds.
What determines the ratio of elements in an ionic compound? (i.e. why are NaCl in a 1:1 ratio but CaCl2 has a 2:1 ratio of elements?) 2. Two ionic compounds often react so that the positive and negative ions change places.
When atoms bond together they share or transfer electrons to achieve a more stable electron arrangement, often a full outer main level of electrons, like the noble gases. There are three types of strong chemical bonds: 1.__ionic______, 2.____covalent____ and metallic IONIC bonding • Ionic bonding occurs between metals and non-metals • Metal atoms 3. ___lose___ electrons • Non-metal atoms gain electrons • Positive and negative ions are formed Sodium chloride has ionic bonding. [pic] • The sodium ion is positively charged because it has lost a negative electron
Distillation is a liquid purification process using heating and cooling. Real World Application Vapor pressure is used in distillation to purify a compound by separating it from non-volatile material. The lowering of the vapor pressure causes molecular movement along the surface of a liquid and through processes of evaporation and vapor cooling; the compound is separated and distilled into its purer forms. Distillation there are many uses for colligative properties in the real world, and decreasing of vapor pressure is among the many that are implemented into modern techniques and technology today. "Colligative Properties of Solutions."
2. Define the following terms: A. Precipitate: The creation of a solid in a solution or inside another solid during a chemical reaction. B. Double displacement reaction: Chemical reactions in which one component each of both the reacting molecules is exchanged to form the products.
Double Replacement Reactions & Table F When two substances undergo a chemical reaction, new substances are formed. A double replacement reaction is one type of reaction that can form soluble or insoluble products. The purpose of the lab was to figure out how the solubility of a substance (aqueous or precipitate) can be determined when a double replacement reaction happens. Precipitates are insoluble compounds. A precipitate is a solid product that comes out of solution in a chemical reaction.
Hydrogen bonding linked the borax solution and PVA together. Introduction This lab focused on producing “Ghostbuster Slime,” made from mixing borax solution (sodium Borate) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. The polymer was created as a result from cross-linking the two solutions. A polymer is a substance containing a molecular structure built by a very large number of similar units, or monomers, linked together. The linkage of polymers is a determining factor in the properties of a substance, such as solubility, elasticity, and viscosity.
This lab will also rely on some skills and techniques that were utilized in previous experiments, such as the using of amphoteric metals, amphoteric hydroxide solutions, and complex ion formation. Amphoterism is the ability of a substance to react with either bases or acids. An example of an amphoteric metal is Beryllium. Beryllium and all other amphoteric metals form insoluble hydroxides in limited hydroxide solutions and soluble, complex ions when they are in the presence of excess hydroxide solutions. Similar to Beryllium, Zinc and Chromium are amphoteric, but Iron and Magnesium are not amphoteric, meaning that they form insoluble precipitates in basic solutions like excess hydroxide.