DISPERSION FORCE / LONDON FORCE The London dispersion force is the weakest intermolecular force. The London dispersion force is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles. This force is sometimes called an induced dipole-induced dipole attraction. London forces are the attractive forces that cause nonpolar substances to condense to liquids and to freeze into solids when the temperature is lowered sufficiently. Because of the constant motion of the electrons, an atom or molecule can develop a temporary (instantaneous) dipole when its electrons are distributed unsymmetrically about the nucleus.
Main – group metals usually for one cation (positive ion). In a binary ionic compound the metal (cation) is named first. Then the nonmetal (anion) is named, and the suffix -ide is added. To create the formula, you switch the charges, and that tells you how many of each element you will need. For example: Cation Anion Formula Name of Compound Ba2+ I- Ba2+ I- Barium Ion Iodide Ion BaI2 Barium Iodide Type 2: Binary Ionic Type 2 Binary Ionic compounds consist of a metal and a nonmetal.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons, but differing numbers of neutrons. Different isotopes of the same element have different masses. Because different isotopes have different numbers of neutrons, they do not all weigh the same or have the same mass. The word isotope, means “at the same place”, hence that isotopes are at the same place on the periodic table. In chemistry, if you want to refer to a certain isotope you must write it as such: AXZ.
When two different atoms are bonded together, each attracts the electrons differently like a tug-of-war between two unequal teams, producing a dipole. The positive part of one molecule is then attracted to the negative part of another molecule. The shape of a molecule also contributes to the formation of a dipole. Molecules containing three or more atoms may be linear in shape or bent. Depending on how symmetrical or how bent the molecule is, the formation of a dipole in molecules will differ.
BETA PARTICLES Beta rays are much lighter energy particles. The beta particle is an energetic electron given off by the nucleus of unstable isotopes to restore an energy balance. They leave the nucleus at a speed of 270,000 kilometers per second. They can be stopped, for instance, by an aluminum sheet a few millimeters thick or by 3 meters of air. The RS-500 can detect most energetic beta particles through the case.
Chemistry I-1 October 27, 2012 Chemistry 1: Bonding Lab Atoms are the essential ingredients in all types of matter. They depend on other atoms to link through chemical bonds from strong attractive forces that exist between the atoms. Being introduced to this lab allowed me to get a better understanding of what a chemical bond is and the various interactions that occur within atoms. The electrons that are in chemical bonds are valence electrons that occur in an atom’s outermost shell. When the two atoms come together they interact and can also repel, but become attracted to the protons inside the atoms.
Nuclear fusion however is the reaction in which two or more nuclei combine together to form a new element with higher atomic number. The fusion of two nuclei with lower masses than iron generally releases energy, while the fusion of nuclei heavier than iron absorbs energy. This means that fusion generally occurs for lighter elements only, and likewise, that fission normally occurs only for heavier elements. For a nuclear fusion reaction to occur it is necessary to bring two nuclei so close that nuclear forces become active and glue the nuclei together. Nuclear forces are small-distance forces and have to act against the electrostatic forces where positively charged nuclei repel each other.
In redox reaction, one element or compound is reduced and gains electrons, while on the other hand, the other element or compound is oxidized and loses electrons. For this lab, through the given oxidation and reduction numbers from balancing the equation and the electrons, it was shown that Manganese was reduced while Iron was oxidized. Also from the equation, the movement of electrons can be noticed, as it was added or subtracted from the substances. In order to balance an equation, there must be same number of elements on both sides, with the exception of hydrogen and oxygen. From there, in order to balance oxygen, water molecules are enumerated to the opposite of the equation/reaction.
(2) hydrogen ion contains 1 electron and 1 proton, H+ ion forms when H ion lost an electron, and therefore it’s is the same thing as a proton 6. What is the chemical formula for a hydronium ion? (1) H3O+ 7. Show the relationship between a proton and a hydronium ion. Explain why one is essentially the same as the other.
The nucleus of the atom is surrounded by another type of particles. These particles are called electrons. Protons charge is usually equal to the neutrons charge and the amount of protons inside the atom usually is equal to the amount of electrons. An Atom may gain or lose an electron when an outside force aggravates the balancing force between the protons and electrons. (Add in about collisions in a wire look at page 131 in physics textbook) What is Resistance?