GAS EXCHANGE- Gas exchange is the transferring process of oxygen from the lungs to our bloodstream, and getting rid of carbon dioxide within the bloodstream to the lungs and out of our body. Gas exchange occurs within the alveoli which are tiny air sacs located at the end of each bronchiole. WHY DO WE NEED A LARGE SURFACE AREA FOR GAS EXCHANGE TO OCCUR WITHIN THE ALVEOLI? In general, a large surface area increases the rate of diffusion. Therefore, the purpose of the large surface area the alveoli have is to increase the rate at which oxygen is diffused.
Small molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse in and out of the cells through the phospholipid bilayer; ions and glucose molecules enter and leave the cell via the channel proteins. Waste products such as nitrogenous compounds are carried to the kidneys and are excreted in the form of urine. Antidiuretic hormone, (ADH), is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. It is carried by the plasma to the kidney and stimulate the occurrence of water reabsorption. When the body is dehydrated, ADH is released, causing the collecting ducts to become more permeable.
When exercising the cardiovascular system has different functions during exercise , such as it delivers oxygen to working muscles, oxygenates blood by returning it to the lungs, transports heat from the core to the skin, it delivers nutrients and fuel to active tissues and I also transports hormones . Exercising is known as an increased demand on the cardiovascular system. Oxygen demand by the muscles increases sharply. Metabolic processes speeds up and more waste is created. More nutrients are used and body temperature rises.
The extra mucus and fluids put extra pressure on the lungs. E) How would Cari’s lung compliance (the effort required to expand the lungs) be altered as her alveoli fill with fluid due to pneumonia? Cari’s lung compliance would increase from trying to force gases into and out of the alveoli, which are
A diuretic provides the means of forced diuresis, which increases the rate of urination. There are many categories of diuretics, but all of them increase the excretion of water from bodies. One of the most important functions of diuretics is that they remove all of the excess water from the body. Caffeine contains Xanthines, which is a diuretic through inhibiting the reabsorption sodium ions, and increasing the glomerulus filtration rate. Water filters from the blood through the kidneys.
| | | Lesson 6 - The Cardio-Respiratory System DefinitionsThe cardio-respiratory system consists of the cardio vascular system (heart and blood vessels) together with respiratory system (lungs and air ways). These systems work to transport oxygen to the muscles and organs of the body and remove waste products including carbon dioxide. The HeartThe heart is a double pump. "Oxygen-poor" blood enters the heart from the vena cava to the right atrium, and flows down to the right ventricle. The first pump pumps "oxygen poor" blood to the lungs from the right ventricle of the heart via the pulmonary artery where it returns as "oxygen rich blood" via the pulmonary vein to the left atrium.
TYPES OF RESPIRATION There are two types of respiration; anaerobic and aerobic. Aerobic respiration is the respiration in which oxygen is present, in aerobic respiration the food of which contains glucose is completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water by oxidation. Aerobic respiration produces a large amount of energy which then gets stored in the Adenosine triphosphate molecules. Anaerobic respiration is the respiration in the absence of oxygen. This is a form of respiration that takes places in bacteria, yeasts, some prokaryotes and muscle cells.
Human beings have two lungs known as the right and left lungs. Lungs are soft, spongy and very elastic. Respiratory passages or air-ways are the conducting portions of human respiratory system. Here no exchange of gases takes place, but they guide the air to go to the lungs and not anywhere else in the body. Conducting portion of the human respiratory system consists of; Traches, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveolar sacs and Alveoli.
With our tongue and lips we convert these vibrations into speech. The area at the top of the trachea, which contains the larynx, is called the glottis. The trachea or windpipe is made of muscle and elastic fibers with rings of cartilage. The cartilage prevents the tubes of the trachea from collapsing. The trachea is divided or branched into bronchi and then into smaller bronchioles.
This cavity consists of a hemispherical base called a diaphragm and sides that are made up of ribs and both internal and external intercostal muscles. Inhalation occurs when the external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract. This forces the ribs out and the pressure within the cavity drops. Air is subsequently drawn in. For exhalation the internal intercostal muscles contract and the diaphragm relaxes.