Personal integration in counselling psychotherapy Introduction. Being a good therapist some would say is about being human with another human being and not about applying theory, others may find it hard not to deal with the theory, using it constantly, thinking about theory in relation to each question that could be asked while being with the client. I would suggest that theory needs to be part of me, and I need to be part of the theory. Integrating theory allows it not to be different from me, it allows theory to be part of me. Horton (1999), regarded personal integration as a desire to clarify what is a model of counselling or psychotherapy, then use the conclusion as a way to structure the elements for an analysis of thinking in practice.
It is thought that the person centred theory allows for the client to look deeper in to themselves and that client autonomy will bring about change and healing without giving the direction or advice that other theories do. The person centred theory has been used successfully by Carl Rogers on clients with schizophrenia and by others treating problems such as alcoholism, depression and some personality disorders. Person centred therapy can also be useful when dealing with modern day disorders such as Bulimea, Anorexia, Stress and Substance Abuse. It is by utilising the person centred approach and more importantly offering the therapies core conditions that a counsellor can successfully treat any of these
While this model has proven to be applicable during periods of technological advancements, McCrimmon (2005) calls for a model that is less focused on managerial activities and instead more focused on the individual without management responsibilities. In this way, he proposes a new model of leadership called thought leadership. Thought leadership is the innovation of ideas and is essential for success. Thought leaders do not have to be credible, just influential so others can support their ideas. The management of people and the distribution of task are not needed in this form of leadership.
MI is now established as an evidence-based practice in the treatment of individuals with substance use disorders. Although there are some technical considerations that may alter the practice of motivational interviewing with older people its basic principles remain the same: eliciting the patient’s concerns, reflecting ambivalence and allowing the patient to develop a plan for change that best suits him or her (Bugelli & Crowther, 2008). Motivational Interviewing focuses on exploring and resolving ambivalence and centers on motivational processes within the individual that facilitate change. Bugelli and Crowther content that the method differs from more “coercive” or externally-driven methods for motivating change as it does not impose change; but rather supports change in a manner congruent with the person's own values and concerns. Miller and Rollnick (2002) emphasize that they are less concerned about the techniques used in MI but put greater emphasis on the spirit that underlies it.
Describe and evaluate the humanistic approach in psychology The humanistic approach contrasts all the other approaches for one simple reason; this is that the humanistic approach believes that we have free will, this is because we are able to make conscious decisions for our self and chose our own path in life, and for example, the behaviourist approach is deterministic, as the environment determines our behaviour. Rogers stated that certain environments are needed in order for a child to achieve their full potential as an adult. Rogers said we need a condition consisting of positive regard. This means knowing that somebody loves you no matter what you do. He said we all need conditional positive regard from our parents, and if we did not receive this is can lead to psychological problems in our future.
The film starts with Carl Rogers. He explains his method of counseling which is known as the humanistic approach to psychology or self theory. This is a client-centered approach that calls for the therapist to try to create a non judgmental, caring environment with the therapist being as real or genuine as possible. The therapist keeps the session in the present or in the moment. The client lead the session and the counselor does not give them any advice directly.
Lawrence Crabb claims that the goal of counseling should be psychological and spiritual maturity. Counselors should also seek to assist their clients in reaching their full potential for a life of service. He explains that this accomplished through the counseling relationship. This relationship will vary from client to client. Despite the variations amongst all individuals, Crabb believed that it is important to “abstract a game plan” (Crabb, 1986, p.149) which can be applied to a wide range of situations.
(Corey, 2009, p. 273) Albert Ellis Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) differs from early therapies because it doesn’t dig into the past but concentrates on the present here and now. According to An Introduction to Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, by Dr. Greg Mulhauser, “Although emphasizing the same 'core conditions' as person-centered counseling -- namely, empathy, unconditional positive regard, and counselor genuineness -- in the counseling relationship, REBT views these conditions as neither necessary nor sufficient for therapeutic change to occur.” (22 April 2008) REBT is closely related to cognitive therapy and is viewed by many as a subset of it. The key spokesperson for Cognitive Therapy (CT) is Aaron Beck. CT shares with REBT the active directed time limited present centered structure approached uses to treat various disorders such as depression, anxiety and phobias. During the treatment of CT clients’ there is a collaborative effort between the client and therapist.
This therapeutic approach may sound simple, but as explained by Rogers in his book ‘client centred therapy’, he explains why it is not when he says ‘There has been a tendency to regard the non-directive or client-centred approach as something static – a method, a technique, a rather rigid system. Nothing could be further from the truth. The group of
Carl Rogers, a leading humanistic psychologist defined the term actualization as the capability for people to "maintain or enhance the organism", so long as their are not strong opposing forces present. (Page) Humanists have applied this definition to personality psychology to develop the term "self-actualization," meaning maintenance or enhancement of the self. In fact, self-actualization appears to be the purpose of human life. The realities of life present a challenge, rather an opportunity for growth. Along with actualization, the humanist theory says that people to feel loved and accepted by others, and specifically by those they deem to be "significant others."