ASSIGNMENT 1 – Predictive Policing by Your name CIS 500 Professor: October, 2013 Predictive Policing Introduction During the years, the organization and practice of the police department has changed tremendously. These strategies in the past of many agencies, was to patrol the streets of the city or rely on a phone call to report a crime and then try to prevent it. Since there, information technology (IT) has become a very important part of law enforcement. This paper is going to compare and contrast the application of Information Technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. One of their main jobs police patrol officers is, to protect people and property.
Uniform Crime Reports and National Crime Information Center 3 (UCR) and (NCIC) The use of Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) is to provide law enforcement with data for use in budget formulation, planning, resource allocation, assessment of police operations etc, to help address the crime problem at various levels. Over time criminal justice researchers study the nature, cause, and movement of crime. Uniform Crime Reports provide crime statistics to the news media to inform the public about the state of crime and situation. The (FBI) uses Uniform Crime Reports system for recording crimes and making policy decisions. Since 1930 (UCR) has tracked data on crimes, such as murder, robbery, rape, aggravated assault, burglary, theft, and vehicle theft.
A victim survey is where people get asked what crimes have happened to them over a particular period of time. This is different from the British Crime Survey (BCS) or the Crime survey for England and Wales (CSEW) -which is an annual victimisation survey that is carried out by the Home Office; it tries to find out about crime that has not been recorded by the police. Both of these types of survey and therefore types of statistics that you can collect, these differ to the statistics produced from the police because of many ways. One example is that the statistics that come from the police just come from reported crime whereas victim surveys come from people’s experience of crime. Another example of how statistics from the police and statistics from victim surveys are different is because not all victims report crime to the police for many reasons and therefore create what’s called “the dark figure” (The number of crimes that go un-reported, we have no idea how big or small this number is).
Different sociologists have presented different theories and concepts to explain what drives a person to commit a crime, and research and statistics give us an idea of the type of crimes committed and the places that they’re most likely to occur. However, these statistics can prove to be misleading as not all crime is reported to or recorded by the police. This can be referred to as the ‘hidden figure’, and it differentiates between the official crime rate and the real rate. Despite this, they do prove to be worthwhile in the fact that they display trends and patterns of crime. Sociologists use three different methods to measure crime; each method provides us with particular information and as in all systems of data collecting, there are strengths and weaknesses to the method.
For each crime incident coming to the attention of law enforcement, a variety of data are collected about the incident. These data include the nature and types of specific offenses in the incident, characteristics of the victim and offender (NACJD, 2013). The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), this is when law enforcement agencies collect detailed incident level data regarding individuals offenses and arrest, then submit them using prescribed data elements and data values(FBI, 2013). Uniform Crime Report (UCR), this program provides a nationwide view of crime based on the submission of crime information by law enforcement agencies throughout the country (FBI, 2013). In some cases, self-report studies have been
This paper includes some statistical data relevant to this particular topic. This paper not only provides information to the reader about police brutality, but it provides many different ways that we can help to solve the problem. Table of Contents: I. Introduction II. History of Police Force III.
Crime data Comparison CJA/314: Criminology Instructor: Chris Hammond By: Christine Kishlock Student: University of Phoenix Crime is a process that takes place when a law is broken; these laws are set in place to keep society at a social normal. When these laws are broken people normally report these activities but in the day and present time it has been more aware to criminal justice officials that most of the criminal behavior is not being reported. In this short comparison paper I will be going over to different metropolitan areas and comparing the rates in crime in a crime category. California holds several different metropolitan areas some are more wide spread than others and can go as far as half the state. The
Analysis of New York Arrest Data Xinxin He St.John’s University Every state of United States has its own system to publish crime statistic of arrests. Annually they publish data of different criminal information. The New York City Police Department records this by managing on race. The NYPD reports contain the information about the crime victims’ race that was interviewed by the police officer, arrested suspects, and the victims’ description of the non-arrest suspects is also including in the reports. The emphasis of statistic from Uniform Crime Report public system is showing the total arrests, the arrests of the age under 18, and over 18.
Theories on Crime Comparison Carl Boone AJS/542 July 25th 2013 Jeffrey Begley Theories on Crime Comparison To understand crime and the elements that help compare and contrast motives, influences, and patterns of criminal behavior; theories are developed under models of thought. This process is called criminology and it is the study of crime and criminal behavior with some focus on lawmaking as well (McShane, Williams, 2010). Criminology has continued to be one of the cornerstones of our judicial system. The scientific research that goes into understanding individuals and societies, along with the variables involved, help the criminal justice system better understand issues that relate to crime. Criminology was first born in the eighteenth century and although it was not initially concerned with the aspect of understanding crime and criminal behavior, “it gained its association with criminology through its focus on lawmaking” (McShane & Williams 2010, ch.2, p. 15).
Although this might be true, reporting the crime gives the police the opportunity to figure out what areas need more patrolling. Reporting the crimes also help the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), to create a data base for all crimes reported within the United States. The information collected