2011). KMnO4 cannot be used as a primary standard; this is because it is not stable in the presence of air. It oxidizes sporadically to MnO2. For this reason, the primary standard used is sodium oxalate, Na2C2O4. The standardization of of KMnO4 solution with Na2C2O4 is as follows: Oxidation: Na2C2O4→2Na++2CO2+2e- Reduction: KMnO4+8H++5e-→K++Mn+2+4H2O And the overall balanced equation: 16H++5Na2C2O4+ 2KMnO4→10Na++2CO2 These reactions are thermodynamically spontaneous, but the final one is susceptible to a side reaction and it is naturally very kinetically slow (Blandamer et al.
This energy is indestructible and is converted to light and heat. c. If you accidentally spill sodium chloride into a stove while cooking, it does not melt It is an ionic compound and the forces attract between the positive and negative ions, I ionic compounds they have a strong ionic bond and it takes a lot of energy to break. A high can only melt the table salt. 6) a. Which pairs will react from an ionic compound?
Purpose: The following lab was conducted in order to determine the iron (〖Fe〗^(2+)) content in an unknown sample by way of reduction-oxidation titration using a standardized potassium permanganate solution. Theory: Titration is one of the most commonly used methods for determining the amount or concentration of an unknown substance. Chemical analysis can be performed on redox titrations, if the following conditions are met: “The reaction is thermodynamically spontaneous enough to be stoichiometric”, “The reaction is kinetically fast enough to give operationally ‘instant’ results”, “No side reactions occur”, and “a satisfactory indicator exists”. These conditions are what makes potassium permanganate (〖KMnO〗_4) a very useful analytical oxidation agent as it easily fits the criteria. The half reactions for this system are: Oxidation of 〖Fe〗^(2+): 〖Fe〗^(2+)→ 〖Fe〗^(3+)+1e^- Reduction of 〖MnO〗_4^-: 〖MnO〗_4^-+8H_3 O^++5e^-→ 〖Mn〗^(2+)+12H_2 O Which produces the following overall equation: 〖MnO〗_4^-+8H_3 O^++5〖Fe〗^(2+)→5〖Fe〗^(3+)+〖Mn〗^(2+)+12H_2 O Equilibrium is initially obtained at a very slow rate, therefore the titration is carried out in the presence of excess sulphuric acid (H_2 〖SO〗_4) at a high temperature; in order to drastically increase the rate at which equilibrium is attained.
1A-Water/MSG: When shaken the water and MSG they mostly dissolve creating an orange gold color, the substance foams at the top from the vigorous shaking action yet still some MSG residue remains at the bottom of the test tube, it was unclear if the reason was because we did not mix it enough or rather we added too much MSG to the amount of water given. 1A-Alcahol/MSG: These two substances barely mix together leaving a transparent yellow tint to the alcohol as well as MSG that was unable to dissolve at the bottom of the test tube. We concluded that this residue was unable to be dissolved in this liquid because the amount of MSG remaining in the bottom of the test tube was around the same amount that was originally placed into the alcohol. 1B- Alcohol/Vegetable Oil: Created a foamy top layer, was semi unclear but as to the best of my observations the alcohol nearly completely dissolved the oil, leaving a foggy appearance to the once clear
The products of a combustion reaction are carbon dioxide and water. I also found out that it takes skill to light a match and that it’s difficult to keep gas where you want it to be without a sealed container. There are many sources of error. The first source of error was that if you blow on the candle too hard, the wax vapor blows away and the flame doesn’t jump. The next source of error is that if you don’t put in the limewater and stopper quickly enough, the carbon dioxide escapes and the water won’t turn chalky.
This is because when an azeotrope is boiled, the resulting vapour has the same ratio of constituents as the original mixture of liquids. Each azeotrope has a characteristic boiling point. The boiling point of an azeotrope is either less than the boiling points of any of its constituents (a positive azeotrope), or greater than the boiling point of any of its constituents (a negative azeotrope). The azeotropes of cyclohexanol/water and cyclohexene/water are both positive azeotropes. The separation of cyclohexene could not depend on distillation alone.
Manganese dioxide is an inorganic molecule that can achieve this. The catalyst lowers the activation energy of the decomposition which is already noticeable without the addition of a catalyst. In our lab we observed that the Manganse dioxide had no effect on the reaction, however it should have a significant
Litmus test: Red turned blue and blue had no reaction Dilute HCl: Fizzes and substance turns yellowish while bubbling the back to white. Dilute NaOH: Dissolves and substance became a bit thick Substance: CuCO3 Color: Green Odor: Yes Effect of Heat: Turned into black powder Solub. or Reaction w/cold H2O: No reaction. Solub. or Reaction w/hot H2O: No reaction Litmus test: No change on blue or red.
Once produced, the Grignard reagent was then used to synthesise triphenylmethanol by reacting it with benzophenone. Reaction Scheme: Theory Reaction Mechanism The halide can be Iodide, chloride, or bromide, but fluoride is too unreactive form Magnesium to be used.
The issue: Is hydraulic fracturing, or hydrofracking, a safe way to extract natural gas, a much needed energy resource? Or could it contaminate drinking water and cause other environmental damage? * Supporters of hydrofracking say: There is no proven case of hydrofracking contaminating drinking water, and the process is perfectly safe. Natural gas can revive local economies, reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil and provide a cleaner-burning fossil fuel. Further regulation is unnecessary and will only prevent an opportunity for the U.S. to develop an alternative energy source and create jobs.