Running head: COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES ESSAY Comprehension Strategies Essay Grand Canyon University: EED 475 January 20, 2013 Comprehension Strategies Essay Comprehension is one of the biggest areas in reading that many have struggles. It is often found that students have the ability to read a given text, however, they are reading without the basis of understanding what they actually read. In essence, students are reading without a purpose. In an effort to help students build upon their comprehension skills, teachers should develop strategic activities that facilitate comprehension of narrative, expository and poetic texts. Strategic activities may include presentation of the text, vocabulary development, using graphic organizers, and/ or previewing the text.
Introduction “Reading comprehension is the act of constructing meaning from text. Reading comprehension requires an interaction between the text and the reader’s knowledge” (TRI, 2005). “When a ‘reader can (1) read the lines, (2) read between the lines, and (3) read beyond the lines,’ he or she experiences comprehension in its purest form” (GCU, 2005). “When readers are not able to handle difficult texts on their own, a teacher supports their efforts to make meaning by guiding their interactions with texts” (Vacca & Vacca, 2008, p.239). “The disconnect between text and reader is especially noticeable in content areas where readers must interact with highly specialized and technical language” (Vacca & Vacca, 2008, p. 348).
If you are reading for a class assignment retention is a necessity. It will help you in your class seminars, discussion boards, projects and exams. III. Formulate a plan A. If you only need basic understanding of what you have read you can: 1) Skim the reading material 2) Highlight the points you think are important 3) Take notes B.
The first step is pre teaching vocabulary in which teacher needs to introduce and review new vocabularies that relate to stories or information they are going to read. Then as they became more familiar with new vocabularies they will continue to build their vocabulary skill by making some sentences from those vocabularies. It is not their reading fluency increase but also their reading comprehension. Subsequently teacher must provide background knowledge in second step for example giving students some questions from general questions then slowly increase to the specific questions, showing some pictures about the material which students are going to read, allowing students to share about the topic. But before provide them with background knowledge teacher must measure students the level of prior knowledge about the material which is given to the students.
So I feel teachers need to know and be aware of the one-to-one, extended, cognitively challenging conversations and how to engage in such communication, even with students that are reluctant talkers. Teachers need to know how the lexicon is acquired and what instructional practices support vocabulary acquisition. They also need to know how to conduct story reading and other early literacy experiences that promote phonological awareness and prepare children for later success in reading (Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998). Most early childhood teachers do not have sufficient training in how to support early literacy learning. They need to know how much phonics children need to know, how to know which children need more or less explicit phonics instruction, and when to stop teaching phonics to which children.
It is important to expose students to more than just concrete identification words like ‘chair’ or ‘horse’ but broaden their base of word knowledge to include abstract words as well. Children speak the words they have heard and later recognize those words within the context of literature. When a student has heard a word within a context, verbally used the word to express thinking and can identify and associate meaning to the word with in a text, they will be likely to use the word in written communication as well. Academically speaking, the same rules apply. Students need to hear academic language used within a
Students must ask themselves, “What did my instructor say about this chapter or subject when it was assigned?” and “What do I already know about this subject?” Reading in order to find the answer gives students a purpose for reading. Read. As students begin to read, they must look for answers to the questions they asked in the prior step. Students will reread captions under pictures and graphs, note all underlined and bold printed words or phrases, and pay special attention to underlined, italicized, bold printed words or phrases. For more difficult passages, reading speed should be reduced.
Describe the structure of the speech. How is it appropriate for her purpose and audience? Revisions to “Non-Examples”: Reflection Questions • • How can the Patterned Way of Reading, Writing and Talking be used to support students in accessing complex texts and meeting the expectations of the Common Core? How do the concepts of multiple close readings and open-ended, text-dependent questions influence the way you think about your practice? Activity #1: Analyzing Open-Ended, Text-Dependent
Schema Activation Activities Elizabeth E. Laird Grand Canyon University RDG583: Teaching Reading in the Content Area May 26, 2010 Abstract Schema refers to a developmental system where information and memory are stored. To build a student’s schema is of primary importance for the student to make connections with their prior knowledge and experiences they have encountered. Best teaching practices encourage teachers to activate prior knowledge enabling students to make those connections thereby building their schema. The following paper details anticipation guides a teacher may use within the classroom to engage students’ prior knowledge and build their schema. Schema Activation Activities Students who are unfamiliar with reading content based texts are often unwilling to complete reading assignments, and frequently feel at a loss for successfully analyzing and retaining the material they have read (Vacca, 2002).
The children use their thinking and cognitive skills to become literate. Concept books are a way for teachers to teach their students early literacy skills. One way to use a concept book is by reading to the class and discus what the book is about. Children are able to learn new words that they hear from books and it can help them expand their vocabulary so they can be able to improve their communication skills. Another way to use concept books is to use them to introduce ideas, serve reinforce concepts or to add further information to a topic that children have already explored through direct experience (Giorgis & Glazer, 2009, p. 146).