For constructive plate margins, the magma rises up into the gap that created by the plate move apart to form a volcano. After that for earthquakes, after that for the earthquakes, it occur at all three types of plate margins. They are caused by tension that build up at the plate margins, for destructive plate margins, the tension build up when one plate get stuck as it’s moving down past the other into the mantle. Then for constructive margins, the tension builds along cracks within the plates as they move away from each other. At last for conservations margins, the tension build up when plate are grinding past each other get stuck.
Non-explosive eruptions tend to produce mostly lava flows, which do not represent a particularly serious hazard to people, however they will destroy farmland and buildings. Ash clouds are explosive eruptions that blast solid and molten rock (called tephra or pyroclastics) into the air with tremendous force. Ash clouds pose a considerable threat to aircraft, can cause buildings to collapse and can also cause death by asphyxiation. Pyroclastic flows are a potential product of volcanic activity; clouds of incandescent gas, ash and rocks with temperatures up to 800°C and speeds of over 200kph. They can cause widespread destruction, such as the 1980 eruption of Mt St Helens.
Then, the day after the nuclear explosion, the contaminated dust and water rain down and contaminate a large area. This rain is known as the fallout. The head wave comes from the gigantic energy that develops from the detonation. In the center of the detonation, the temperature can reach several million degrees. The head wave only takes a few seconds, but it kills everyone within a three-mile radius.
Due to high temperatures in the mantle of around 3000 degrees centigrade, this oceanic crusts melts and then rises due to the convection currents in the aesthenosphere . As it joins with trapped seawater and sediment, it melts the overlying continental crust, and the magma plumes rise to the surface. They contain more silica so are more viscous, which plugs up the volcano, meaning pressure build up. This is why these volcanoes are so explosive. Another type of plate boundary are constructive, which is the margin between two diverging plates where new magma
This tells us that it’s a powerful earthquake, reaching and being felt by farther away places. This earthquake makes itself more dangerous with little or no warning. Earthquakes are probably the most dangersome natural occurring disaster encountered. South Carolina is located within the interior of the North American plate, far from any plate boundary. An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of earth suddenly slip past one another.
a. Volcano: include the type of lava, where magma is derived, and why this setting produces hazards b. Earthquake: magnitude and amount of displacement or offset 6. Describe the type of hazards in terms of cause, hazard definition, and location (example-tsunami inundation occurred within 1 mile of coastline in low lying areas). 7. Fatalities 8. Damage: 2-3 specific examples of structural damage (earthquakes); areas covered with volcanic debris (volcanic eruption); any other types of damage 9.
I shall use examples of the Kobe Earthquake 1995, Boxing Day Tsunami 2004 and the Haiti Earthquake 2010. The earthquake of 2004 was caused by subduction of the Australian plate and the Eurasian Plate ,a 15-20m slip occurred along the fault line which then caused an earthquake measuring a 9.1 on the Richter scale. This a very high recording on the Richter scale so therefore it would always cause devastating hazards , but human factors could be seen as making the impacts far worse. The earthquake in the ocean had caused a tsunami to occur within the Indian Ocean. The wave reached up to 30 metres high causing devastation to the 13 countries surrounding the ocean.
Before 1980, the last eruption of Mount St. Helens was between 1840 and 1850. The volcano did not happen overnight however, it was caused by multiple earthquakes and lots of pressure buildup through time. The Mount St. Helens volcano eruption was the most recent volcanic eruption that did significant damage in the United States. The formation of Mount St. Helens millions of years ago is the reason why the eruption was so violent. The Juan de Fuca Ridge, which lies between the Pacific and Juan de Fuca plate pushes the two plates in opposite directions causing the Juan de Fuca plate to sub duct underneath the continental plate causing a subduction zone and large pieces of rock are pushed into the opposite plate causing a mountain to form.
One of the ways to get it is called fracking. Fracking is short for hydraulic fracturing. What is fracking and what does it do to the environment? Fracking is a process where millions of gallons of a mixture of liquid are inputted into the ground at high pressure to break the rock surrounding the natural gas. Then the natural gas is discharged from the ground into a well.
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and resulting tsunami (Boxing Day Tsunami) was an event that caused great loss, destruction and trauma. Within this essay, the nature of the natural hazard, the factors that contributed to this disaster, and the preparedness of the region to handle such an event will be discussed. Furthermore the extensive recovery process and lessons learnt from this disaster will also be looked at. Hazards are a “potential threat to humans and their welfare arising from a dangerous phenomenon… that may cause loss of life, injury, property damage and other community losses of damage.” (Smith 2006, p.11) In the case of the Boxing Day Tsunami, it was the resulting tsunami, not the earthquake, which caused the destruction and ‘displacement of around 1.8 million people.’ (Smith 2006) When the water first receded, many peopl, ‘rushed out onto the once-covered reefs to pick up the stranded fish.’ (McCall 2014) Subsequently when the water eventually returned in the form of a tsunami, the chance of survival for those on the reefs was almost non-existent. Both natural and human factors contributed to transforming the hazard into a disaster.