6 The energy related during these oxidation reactions is used to form adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ), the __energy currency of the cell. Name the two initials steps in glycolysis. 2 phosphates are added to the glucose molecule at the expense of the 2 molecules of ATP What are the three molecules that results? a 6 carbon sugar diphosphate molecule and 2 low energy adenosine diphosphate molecules or ADP What then occurs to the 6-carbon molecule? It splits in to two 3-carbon molecules The 3-carbon molecules are converted to pyruvate .
Only the enzyme will fix the substrate because of the active sites on the enzyme. Once locked together, the enzyme can break down the substrate (Hudon-Miller, 2012c). An example of this is Sucrose. Sucrose is considered a regular table sugar. It is composed of two monosaccharaides: glucose and fructose.
C6 H12 O6 = 2C3 H6 O3 + 2ATP (lactate) This is a structure of ATP ATP contains sugar which is Ribose, a base which is Adenine and three phosphate groups. Biological systems transfer the energy in glucose to ATP because unlike glucose ATP releases its energy instantly in a single reaction and also the hydrolysis of ATP releases a small amount of energy, ideal for fuelling reactions in the body. Glucose is obtained from food; we eat pasta which is a carbohydrate which is then broken down into glucose by the digestive system. The process which breaks this down is known as catabolism, this is the breakdown of food components, breaking down
When glucose polymerises to become cellulose, water is eliminated and the structure becomes: The H and OH groups are omitted for clarity. It must noted that: for bonding to occur, alternate glucose units must be inverted as shown above; this bonding produces a very linear molecule due to the geometry of the rings and the C-O-C angles. * Biomass – material produced by living organisms, mainly it is plant material though it also includes animal excreta and algae material. Cellulose is the major component of plant biomass. * Cellulose as a source of chemicals – starch, another polymer of glucose, can be used as an alternative source for petrochemical products but there is more cellulose produced in plants than starch.
The Role of Fat and it's importance in our diet !1 LIPIDS • Lipids are non soluble molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, & phospholipids. Lipids main function is storing energy, sending chemical messages in cells, and are components in cell membranes. Lipids make up adipose tissue which is a connective tissue that is made up of lipid cells called adipocytes. Lipids can also be metabolized leading to a large amount of ATP (energy in the body) production. When Lipids are broken down they are broken into a glycerol molecule and fatty acids.
P2: Describe the characteristics of nutrients and their benefit to the body. Answer: Characteristics of nutrients and their benefit to the body are carbohydrates, starch and non-starch polysaccharides, sugar substitutes and sugar. Carbohydrates are one of the main types of food. Sugar and starch are main types of carbohydrates these carbohydrates provide energy for the body. Liver breaks down carbohydrates into glucose which the body uses for sugar.
Lactase Buffer solutions 4,7,9 Enzymes are organic catalysts that control the rate of chemical reactions in cells while not being permanently altered themselves. In general, enzymes speed up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy required to start reactions. Lactase is an enzyme used by the body to hydrolyze lactose, a disaccharide unique to mammalian milk, into the monosaccharaides, glucose and galactose. Lactose has been shown to aid in the absorption of several minerals, including calcium, magnesium, and zinc. .
Glucose travels in the plasma or liquid part of your blood but cholesterol (triglycerides) travel bound to protein carriers in the blood. Based on their respective chemical properties, explain the reason for this difference. (2 marks) Cholesterol is an amphipathic molecule, since it has polar and non – polar regions. Even though the cholesterol has polar group (OH) it dissolves fats than in aqueous
Glycolysis plus the citric acid cycle can convert the carbons of glucose to _________ , storing the energy as ATP, _____________ and ___________. * B. pyruvate, lactic acid, CO2, NADH, FADH2 2. At the end of glycolysis, each molecule of glucose has yielded 2 molecules of _______, 2 molecules of ________, and a net of 2 molecules of _________. * D. pyruvate; NADH; ATP 3. Trematol is a metabolic poison derived from the white snake root.
Understanding of the body organs The digestive and respiratory system (D1) When we consume carbohydrate, it is broken down in the stomach by Hydrochloric acids and passed into the small intestines. In the intestines the carbohydrate is converted into glucose and fructose. Glucose is a simple sugar and it is the main and vital source of energy. In the small intestine the glucose is absorbed by the villi (Finger like structure) . Once absorbed by the villi the glucose then travels into the blood stream.