In cultural psychology the mental processes are compared with the society and the individual who has grown up in that society. Comparatively, cross-cultural psychologists systematically research behavior across cultures in different cultural situations (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Critical Thinking Critical thinking in cross-cultural psychology is important because cross-cultural psychology is about identifying the similarities and differences in individuals and how they function in his or her culture. Critical thinking is about making realistic, valid and reasonable evidence. Critical thinking is described as maintaining an attitude that is open=minded and doubtful (Shiraev & Levy, 2010).
Describe how the cognitive approach has been applied to RET The cognitive approach believes that we are information processors. Our thinking and the way we process and interpret events can affect our behaviour particularly our mood. Therefore rational emotional therapy is linked to the approach because its attempts to change the way an individual interprets and thinks about certain events. Ret was devised by albert ellis in the 1950’s. it tries to tackle mustabatory thinking (the thinking that you must be good at everything and like by everyone) by trying to make the patient think more rationally about situations.
The attributes of someone characterized as feeling would contain being sensitive to the needs and reactions of other people, and also employing personal feelings and thinking about the impact made on others when making a decision. The last category was judging. If a person is labeled as judging, they tend to plan many details in advance before moving into action, and complete meaningful segments before moving on. They naturally use targets, dates, and standard routine to manage life. I feel that, overall, the results of my MBTI were correct.
a)Attitude: Belief/Feeling that predisposes one to act in certain way to objects, people, and events. b) Attitudes are well remembered and central to our self-concept, however, are more likely to lead to behavior, and measures of general attitudes do predict patterns of behavior over time. c) Attitudes can affect actions if attitude is specifically related to behavior, if the attitude are salient and if the outside influences are minimal. 2 .a) Describe Milgram’s experiments on obedience, and b) outline the conditions in which obedience was highest. a) Stanley Milgram designed a study that investigates the effects of authority on obedience.
Figure 1 I feel in relation to the above references, in my opinion conformity is going along with group norms, being persuaded to follow others and to fit in with group normality and socially being influenced by others. This relates closely to a famous psychologist Crutchfield (1954) who defined conformity as "yielding to group pressure". The first study was performed by psychologist Sherif (1935). His aim of the social approach was to show how conformity reflects on the majority of social influence. Sherif used a laboratory experiment to study conformity.
Some allusions, however, were harmful to the plot or to the reader, most often by confusing the reader if they did not know the context of the original quotation. These allusions can be better understood if they are examined more closely. The literary allusions in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 essentially can be broken down into two categories: those that helped or those that hurt the reader’s understanding of the novel. There were a number of literary allusions in Fahrenheit 451 that helped the reader’s understanding of the novel. Some of the literary allusions that helped the reader’s understanding of the novel added depth to the characters, provided relatable experiences to the reader, and referenced familiar stories.
Hamza Guessous Guessous 1 Hiroshima, John Berger According to the The New Oxford Dictionnary, a bias is a "prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair". Merely, it means that a person give his or her point of view relative to a topic, or a situation. When an author is writing a reporting text, he is automatically giving his point of view, because he chooses a topic that seems important to talk about. In addition, there are many evidences in a reporting text that shows the writer's perspective on the topic he is writing on. Therefore, a reporting text it's unconditionally a bias, despite the claims of objectivity and absence of obvious arguments of such texts.
These perspective viewpoints are known as emic perspective; however, the perspective pertains to specific psychopathologies in reference to culture. On a “cultural relativist perspective on the study of psychopathology may be important for several reasons. First of all, it may help in the development of culture-specific therapies. Second, it may provide valuable information about the psychological problems seen in particular cultures and their development as a function of the particular demands that culture places on individuals. Third, the studies of culture-bound syndromes, which are interesting in and of themselves, may help illuminate more general patterns of cultural values such as individualism or collectivism,” said plebius (2005).
The psychological approach links to social care. The behaviourist therapy is shaping and changing social behaviour using the principles of operant conditioning using behaviour modification techniques typically, this involves establishing assistant of tokens or rewards to reinforce desired behaviour. Token economy is a common feature of mental health and commonly used in institutes. However, social reinforcement in modern care settings would be verbalised such as “well done” to build up self esteem and confidence. The psychological approach links to health practice.
These big ideas can be categorized under social thinking, social influence, or social relations. The idea that we construct our social reality falls under social thinking, it describes the natural human urge to explain behavior, by attempting to attribute it to a cause, in order to make it seem orderly, predictable, and controllable (Myers, 2010). According to social psychology our social intuitions are powerful and sometimes perilous, suggesting that the human ability to understand something immediately, molds or influences behavior because it also shapes fears, attitudes, impressions, and relationships (Myers, 2010). It is also believed that social influences shape behavior as does behavior shape social influences. Myers (2010) provides an example as to how behavior is shaped by social influences making humans social creatures, “We speak and think in words we learned from others (Social psychology, p. 7).