Mark Antony was one of the most important characters in the history of the Roman Empire. Born to Creticus, Antony was one of the bravest Roman generals who worked under Triumvir and Julius Caesar during 43-30 BC. He married Queen Cleopatra of Egypt and was later defeated by Octavian (Emperor Augustus) in the last civil war that led to the final collapse of the Roman Republic. Caesar Augustus was born as Gaius Octavius on September 23, 63 B.C.E. Julius Caesar, his great-uncle, took an interest in Augustus.
He revived the state religion and rebuilt many temples. Augustus organized the police and fire departments of Rome and appointed a supervisor for the grain supply. Augustus boast was that he had found Rome brick and had left it marble. During his forty-one years of his administration he brought order out of chaos. He restored confidence in the government, replenished the treasury, and introduced an efficient public works department, and promoted peace and prosperity.
“He conquered Egypt during the early years of his reign, kept his armies busy in northern Spain, expanded across the Rhine river, and even conquered land along the banks of the Danube river. He also commissioned several generals to conquer Nubia, Arabia, and Mesopotamia. And although those three campaigns failed, it actually ended up promoting trade with said places.”- Augustus; by Garret G. Fagan. Putting an empire to its greatest extent is a sign of a Golden age, as well as promoting trade, and that’s one of the things that caused his reign to be a Golden age. Another factor that set him into the hall of fame was the precedent of “traditional borders” in the Roman empire.
Plautius, the roman general of the time was also very instrumental in the invasion, there is speculation as to whether Vespasian was heavily under his influence and perhaps deserves less credit for his actions. Also, the Roman classical sources of Biographers such as Josephus, one of the foremost classical writers on Vespasian during the conquest, could have been heavily bias. An extract from the Roman Biographer Suetonius offers and excellent recollection of the magnitude of Vespasian’s involvement in the conquest of Britain when he writes: “…he fought thirty battles with the enemy. He reduced to subjection two powerful nations, more than twenty towns, and the isle of Vectis” From this we understand that Vespasian was important in conquering a huge amount of areas including a whole island. We also learn that his skill as a military leader was significant as fighting thirty battles is a very considerable figure.
Caesar’s military prowess and his reforms crafted him into the extraordinary person that historians all recognize as great. When Caesar created the First Triumvirate alongside Pompey and Crassus, he was allotted the Roman lands of Cisalpine Gaul, Narbonese Gaul, and Illyricum in addition to four legions of about five thousand soldiers each (Source 1). Caesar immediately put his army to use by invading, and eventually conquering all of Gaul. Although his army was physically smaller and often outnumbered, his superior fighting tactics allowed his army to defeat the Celts. Another beneficial factor towards Caesar’s conquest was the disunity of the Gallic tribes, which was reminiscent of the Greek city-states.
What was the short term significance of the Battle of Actium on Roman society between 31BC to 11BC? The Battle of Actium was the final battle of the Roman Republic. On September 2nd the forces of Octavian Caesar defeated the combined navies of Mark Antony and Cleopatra. This victory solidified Augustus as the supreme leader of Rome and its subordinate states. In the next twenty years it’s clear to see the effects of Augustus’s victory on Roman society.
Introduction: • Gaius Octavius was born in 63BCE and was the great nephew of Julius Caesar. Caesar took Octavius under his wing, having him elected to the College of Pontiffs and enrolling him in to the Patrician Aristocracy. When Octavius learned Caesar had been assassinated he also found out that Caesar has adopted him and named him his heir. Octavius took on Caesar’s name and became Gaius Julius Caesar Octavius but was known simply as Octavian. • The situation in Rome toward the end of the Republican period was that the country’s senate had lost majority of its power.
His great ancestor, Lucius Junius Brutus, is credited with founding the Republic in 509 BCE by deposing the last Tarquin king. Son to Marcus Junius Brutus the Elder and Servilia Caepionis, Brutus lost his father at an early age. He was officially adopted by his uncle, Quintus Servilius Caepio, whose name he took for an unspecified part of his life. Brutus’ formal education came under the tutelage of his mother’s half-brother, Cato the Younger. Cato, both a philosopher and politician of the time, was a Stoic who would be remembered for his unflinching resistance to corruption and support of Republican values.
Social Position. Mark Antony was a Consul and triumvir, and the last Roman politican and General in the Late Roman Republic. He was born into a wealthy, distinctive family. His father, Marcus Antonius Creticus, was born to a great orator and consul, however was politically incompetent. His mother, Julia Antonia, “descended from the Julii Caesares, the patrician family which claimed descent from ...an ancestor who came to Rome at its foundation.” Thus he was born into high societal status.
He died on 370 BC. Democritus is known for his developments in volume of cone, fraction and geometry. He was the first one to observe that pyramid or cone has 1/3rd the volume of prism or cylinder respectively with the same height and base. He also pointed out that if a cone is divided in a plane parallel to its base then the two surfaces produced, if matched will produce a circular body. In 460 BC, a governor of Egypt named Achaemenes was defeated and murdered in battle by the Egyptian forces on the bank of the Nile River, at Papremis.