Maria Pavlovski Assignment No. 1 Theoretical approaches in the use of counselling skills 1.1 Key characteristics and concepts of: Humanistic theory, The humanistic theory was developed by a group of American psychologists (Maslow, Rogers, May) in the 1940’s and 1950’s. Carl Rogers developed the person-centred approach based on the ideology that all people have a desire to grow and reach their full potential and fulfilment which Rogers termed as self-actualization. Humanistic counselling helps to enable the client to grow by providing them with six core conditions which provide a climate conductive to growth and therapeutic change. The six core conditions are: * Therapist-client psychological contact * Client vulnerability * Client perception * Unconditional positive regard * Empathic understanding * Therapeutic Congruence or Genuineness With Unconditional positive regard, the counsellor accepts the client unconditionally and is non-judgemental.
What are the strengths and limitations of the concept of evidence-based practice? Illustrate with reference to one psychological condition, problem or area. Evidence-based practice has been firmly placed on the agenda as a key factor in improving standards of mental health care through the introduction of government initiatives such as clinical governance (Department of Health, 1998) and guidelines such as the Department of Health’s ‘Treatment Choice in Psychological Therapies and Counselling: Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines’ (Department of Health, 2001). The Practice Guidelines were developed by the British Psychological Society’s Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness. The Practice Guideline was written following a comprehensive review of the literature from 1990 to 1998 (Barkham and Mellor-Clark, 2003) and commissioned by the Department of Health to attempt to ensure that referral decisions were rooted in research evidence (Parry et al., 2003), rather than impromptu or random allocations leading to inappropriate psychological therapy.
This convinced him to seek a new career in clinical psychology. After being awarded a PhD in clinical Psychology from Columbia and having published articles (prior to his PHD) he came to believe that psychoanalysis was the deepest and most effective form of therapy. However after personal analysis and supervision by Richard Hulbeck, Ellis;s belief in psychoanalysis was beginning to wane. By 1953 Ellis was referring to himself as a rational therapist. He now championed a new more active and directive type of psychotherapy which he refereed to as Rational Therapy (RT).
Person Centred Theory/Values my Understanding. Discuss this with reference to Person Centred theory and your own experience In this essay I am going to explore person centred approach style of counselling. This approach was developed in the USA in the 1940’s by Carl Rogers. Person centred counselling is the concept of Carl Rogers, an American psychologist born in 1902, who died at the age of 85 years old. Carl Rogers died in 1987 but his legacy lives on and is being carried on by other psychologists who shared his views and believe in his method of counselling.
Moreira (2012) stated, “Humanistic-phenomenological psychotherapy is a contemporary development of person-centered therapy” (p. 3). Carl Rogers was an influential psychologist as well. The article on Carl Rogers describes his findings and the importance of his research and how these findings are researched even further. Many changes have been made to the Rogerian theory, which originated from a clinical theory of psychotherapy, Rogers work expanded into other areas such as education (Moreira, 2012). Psychologists and researchers around the world have continued the study of Rogers’s person-centered
Word Count 2465 Module 1 Essay ‘ Evaluate the claim that Person- Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. I will start by discussing a brief history of person centred therapy and of ‘Carl Rogers’ theory of actualization and how it differs from other therapies theories and how by combining different theories gives the therapist more tools to treat clients. I shall continue with how he believed by providing three core conditions which he believed to be needed to be present to bring about change and how creating this environment/ situation can be difficult. Then I will discuss in more detail his theory of the personality and terminology used by Rogers and how this view point held is different to other therapeutic models. I will conclude with additional pluses and minuses of the client centred method of treatment & whether it provides all that a therapist needs to treat clients.
CBT like nursing itself is not a new phenomenon but one which has its roots based in the 1960’s where it was developed by people such as Aaron, T. Beck who was a practicing Psychiatrist at that time. Beck et al recognised how CBT (know as Cognitive Therapy at the time) could help to resolve some of the “automatic thoughts” that occurred during dialogue with patients, Westbrook et al (2007). CBT has since its implementation gained a credible basis as a positive patient intervention especially for patients suffering from depression and anxiety. This credibility comes from a history of scientific trials which have proven its efficacy as both a standalone treatment as well as a complimentary one, DoH (2008). With this proven efficacy CBT became a tool which was used in Pain Management Programmes (PMPs) back in the early and late eighties both in an outpatient and inpatient setting.
What is hypnosis? Words: 1,808 In this essay paper I am going to explain the psychological and psychical aspects of hypnotherapy. Hypnosis, as defined by Roy hunter is “a natural state of mind induced by everyday living much more than it is introduced artificially.” We all have the ability to hypnotise and to be hypnotized but it’s whether we truly believe. In this essay I will also cover all aspects of hypnotism from psychotherapeutic counselling to full blown showman ship hypnosis. I will explain each aspect and how I believe it works, and my own experiences with psychotherapeutic counselling.
In recent decades, behavior therapy has been revolutionized by DBT. Marsha Linehan is a Professor of Psychology and Director of the Behavioral Research & Therapy Clinics at the University of Washington. She developed DBT in the 1990’s as an outpatient modality for persons with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) who are chronically suicidal. (Prochaska & Norcross, 2010). Linehan drew from various behavior therapies and Zen principles.
He believed that psychologists should have greater involvement in the study of and treatment of psychological disorders. He was interested in problems of psychopathology, and in 1906 Prince founded the Journal of Abnormal Psychology which is still published today. The journal was considered to be an exclusive domain, publishing early research and case studies. The journal was an important outlet for professional psychologist such as, Joseph Jastrow, Walter Dill Scott, Robert Yerkes, and many others. Prince published his most famous book in 1905, The Dissociation of a Personality, it was one of the first and had the complete descriptions of a case of multiple personality disorder.