Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic approach to abnormality The psychodynamic approach assumes that experiences in our earliest years can affect our emotions, attitudes and behaviour in later years without us being aware that it is happening. Freud suggested the mind or psyche has three parts: the conscious, the preconscious, and the unconscious. Freud suggested that individuals can never be aware of the contents of the unconscious. Freud argued that childhood experiences play a crucial part in adult development, including the development of adult personality. Every child must pass through the so-called psycho-sexual stages; how a child experiences these stages plays a crucial role in the development of his/her personality.
Psychoanalysis was sprung up and dully applied as a psychological problem solving method by Sigmund Freud. Nevertheless, Psychoanalysis indicates that development are completely dependent on the comatose mind. Psychoanalysis holds that early life know-hows are very important in development. In the process of talking to his patients about their problems, Freud realized that their problems were an offshoot of their experiences in life. According to Sigmund Freud, as children grow up pleasure and sexual impulses shifts from the mouth to the anus and gradually shifts to the genitals.
Mitch McNamara 3012456 Engl.102-AS14 Dr. Ford October 18, 2013 Causes of Addictions (revised) In “Embraced by the Needle” writer Gabor Maté in his expository essay argues that in a person’s childhood they need a loving non-stressed environment so they will not need to look to outside sources such as drugs for that warm comforting feeling. These life experiences initiate brain development at an early age by promoting the growth of receptors and nerve cells, which inevitably will make children less susceptible to addictions later in life. Many parents of drug addicts had childhood issues or were emotionally distressed growing up. This likely deemed them unsuitable parents and unable to provide their children with positive warm interactions
Oral stage is the first stage. Mouth activities such as sucking, biting, and licking will probably we have noticed that infants seem to put everything in their mouth. Freud also believed that there could be two reasons for fixation. First if the infant weaned too early then it would feel forever under-gratified and unsatisfied and would develop into a negative, sarcastic person. Secondly, when infants weaned too late then it would over-gratified the develop individual’s innocent personality, simply trusting in others and with a tendency to swallow everything.
The next stage is Anal Stage which begins from the age one to three years old primary focuses on the libido in which the child learns how to control their bladder and bodily fluids. Success at this stage is dependent because once children start toilet training. Freud suggested that when parent should reward a child when using toilet and not punish child when they have an accident. Phallic Stage comes after this when the child is three to six years of age. This stage is when the primary goes from the libido area to the genitals.
Child and Adolescent mental health services work with people aging from birth to eighteen years. CAMHS provide assessments of children’s behaviour and work with young people with identified emotional or behavioural difficulties. CAMHS is defined in its broadest sense to include all services that promote emotional health and well-being or which respond to and meet the mental health needs of children and young people at targeted or specialist levels. Department Children, School and Families (2008). Loss, neglect or trauma experienced during childhood can undermine the social, emotional and interpersonal attachment necessary for later healthy adjustment to relationships, social roles and consequential mental wellbeing and may be contributory
You could view children becoming abusers themselves via Freud's ego and super ego theory, which it could be argued that in early development a child sees the way to get what they want and or need via coersion, violence, complaining, yelling, or how ever the child perceives the parent obtaining that which they want. We could also argue from Erikson's psychosocial stages that the children are not being taught what correct hope, will, love, trust, fidelity, care and wisdom truly are. My personal theory is that if we look into Bandura's social learning theory that can give us a better understanding of the development of children into adult abusers or victims. “Children learn to hit by watching other people in real life and on television. Adults learn job skills by observing or being shown them by others.” (Bandura, A.)
"Just putting kids in group therapy actually promotes greater drug use," says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The exposure can be especially dangerous for impressionable youngsters. "I've known kids who have gone into inpatient treatment and met other users. After treatment, they meet up with them and explore new drugs and become more seriously involved in drug use," says Tom Dishion, director of research at the Child and Family Center at the University of Oregon, who has documented such peer influence in scientific
It is for these reasons that ADHD is found mainly in children and goes away as the child grows, learns and matures into adulthood. There are some cases, however, that the child is not determined on getting over their ADHD and does not grow out of it. They will have to keep buying the medications and or changing their lifestyles to accommodate to the disorder so that they can live a normal and fulfilling life. In conclusion, ADHD is found mostly in children and not in adults, because of the disease in 1917 that ruptured children’s brain to the point where they can not focus easily in whatever they do. They have trouble in everyday life because of this disorder and will struggle for most of their life trying to fight it off, they might eventually fight it off if they are determined enough to get rid of it
In Anna Quindlen’s essay, Sex Ed, she gives her opinion and stresses the importance of sexual education targeted for present and future teenagers. She even uses her being a mother of two boys to her advantage in getting the readers empathy. Her being a mother, being human and normal like any other person, helps them get comfortable and see where she is coming from, as a parent. She uses personal experiences as well facts from teens, themselves. In the essay, Anna says, “[G]irls had sex with boys not because nothings seemed to matter except right now, not pregnancy, not parental disapprobation, nothing but those minutes, this dance that face, those words.