Causes and spread of infections 1 Understanding the cause of infection Bacteria can be both beneficial and pathogenic. These single cell micro-organisms are tiny living beings, neither plant or animal, that normally exist together in millions and reproduce only asexually. Some of their common illnesses and infections include ear infections, food poisoning, urinary tract infections, diphtheria, bacterial meningitis, gastritis and sinusitis. Viruses differ from bacteria, being coated genetic material and in that they do not reproduce on food, needing a living host to do so. They replicate by invading targeted cells of their host and taking over genetic material responsible for reproduction.
Bacterial infections are commonly treated with antibiotics. A virus is smaller and more difficult to kill than bacteria. It cannot be treated with antibiotics. A virus needs a living host to replicate and cannot do so outside of a host cell. A virus is a small piece of genetic material that has a protein coating to protect itself.
Understanding the causes and spread of infection The differences are that bacteria are an organism which produces toxins which grow and then divide. Virus - are smaller than a cell. It can't reproduce outside the cell unlike bacteria, so they invade the cells and inject the genes into the nucleus and creates copies of itself Fungi - causes disease by absorbing nutrients, and producing toxins Bacteria, fungi and viruses are all separate entities and are completely different from each other. Parasites, however, can refer to a number of different things including bacteria, fungi and viruses. A parasite is any organism which lives inside a different organism in a symbiotic relationship in which only the parasite benefits from the symbiosis.
The common way of treating a virus is through immunization as anti-biotics will not be effective against viral infections. The virus infection can cause things like the Influenza, common cold, stomach flu, pneumonia, blood born infections, ear infections and HIV/AIDS. Fungi- live in the air, water, soil and on plants and they can live in the
1.2 Identify common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Caused by bacteria: - Tuberculosis - Whooping cough - Food poisoning - Ear infections Caused by viruses: - HIV - Hepatitis B - Stomach Flu - Warts Caused by fungus: - Thrush - Ringworm - Yeast infection - Valley fever Caused by parasites: - Malaria - Schistosomiasis - Sleeping sickness 1.3 Describe what is meant by infection and colonisation. Infection is the invasion and multiplication of micro organisms that are not normally present within the body. Infection tends to show through symptoms. Colonisation is when germs are within the body but don't make the person sick.
CAUSES AND SPREAD OF INFECTION Outcome one:- The differences between bacteria, virus, fungus and parasites. Bacteria :- they are small single-celled life forms that reproduce quickly and are capable of causing disease. Antibiotics can be used to treat infections caused by bacteria although some can form a protective spore which can make them more resistant to heat and chemicals. The requirements for optimum growth are is a temperature of 37c, water, food, time, oxygen/ no oxygen. Virus:-These are smaller than bacteria and need to be in a living host to cell reproduce, the principal way of control is immunisation, antibiotics are not affective against viral infections.
1.2 Common illnesses and infection caused by Bacteria include Salmonellosis, MRSA, Food Poisoning tonsilitus, gonorerhea bronchiolitis strep throat syphilis and chlamydia. Viruses – Influenza, common cold warts herpes stomach flu Fungi – thrush (yeast infection) athletes’ foot Parasites – Worms - Malaria 1.3 Infection means an illness caused by growth of a germ on or in a living person it can make you sick signs could be fever, puss from a wound or pneumonia, When germs are commonly found on the body without causing an illness it’s called COLONISATION. 1.4 Systematic means it’s in the bloodstream and its spreading through the body, sepicemia is an example of systematic infection. Localised infection is where it’s restricted to a small area only i.e. infected cut /
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: is the prime cause of life threatening burn infections. Gram- bacilli commonly found in the soil, water and an intestinal resident in 10% of normal people. Resistant to quats, soaps, dyes, drugs , drying , and temperature extremes. Frequent contaminant of hot
5) Botulism can also be contracted through an open wound. This type of botulism is wound botulism and it is one of the three main types of botulism. In food-borne botulism: Types of home-canned foods provide a perfect condition for the bacteria to grow. If botulism is not treated, it will eventually lead to respiratory problems, paralysis and death. If diagnosed early, botulism can be treated with an antitoxin.
9/13/12 Helminthic Worm Infections Helminthic worm infections are also known as Nematode infection or parasitic worm infection. Parasites are creatures that invade a host, attach themselves externally and internally to tissues and organs, and rob the host of nutrients. They are classified into two groups; nematodes, known as the roundworm and platyhelminth, known as tapeworms and flukes. Some parasites, such as certain worms, eventually weaken and cause diseases in their hosts. Parasitic worms are common in Africa, Asia, Central and South America, and are rarer in countries where sanitation is practiced.