They draw nourishment and other needs from their host organism. Parasites that cause infection and disease are known as Pathogenic parasites Identify common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites Virus Common cold, flu, mumps, measles, Chicken pox, Cold sores, HIV,
Fungi :A Fungus is a spore producing organism and can live as a single celled yeast or as a larger multi-cellular mould. It will live by absorbing certain nutrients from any organic matter. Fungi include moulds, mildews, Mushrooms and yeast. The more common illnesses from fungi could be athlete’s foot, ringworm and thrush. Viruses: A virus needs a host cell to replicate.
In fact only 1% of bacteria are harmful. Viruses can only grow inside the cells of living organisms. They are not living in their own and in that way are different to bacteria, parasites and fungi. All living organisms can contract viruses: humans, plants, fish and animals. Viruses are spread from host to host.
They are contained in a protein coating which makes them more difficult to destroy. Virus cells are shaped like rods, spheres or tiny tadpoles. They reproduce by invading cells in our body. Viruses can be more serious and are responsible for causing a variety of diseases for example, Norovirus, AIDS, HIV, influenza, small pox and measles. There are different types of fungi for example mushrooms are a fungi and some cheeses have fungi in them, however fungi can also cause illnesses such as Candida, this is yeast that causes infection.
Fungi Unlike bacteria and viruses, fungi are simple plant-like organisms which reproduce using spores. There are three types of fungal infections; ones which occur on the surface of the skin and hair; those which occur in the epidermis (such as ringworm and athlete's foot) and those which affect the deeper layers of skin – the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and fascia. Fungi may reach these layers as a result of penetrating wounds, or may be inhaled. Parasites Parasites differ from bacteria in that they need a living host to survive and reproduce, although not all parasites affect the host. Parasites can be acquired through contact with a contaminated surface, via infected water or food and through contact with contaminated bodily fluids such as blood, faecal matter and sexual contact.
Outcome 1 Understand the cause of infection 1.Identify the difference between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Bacteria Bacteria is a single celled organism, bacteria have evolved to thrive in almost any environment and can be found in almost any substance/surface and also in the human body, only 1% of bacteria is actually harmful. It's bad or infectious bacteria that cause illness as they rapidly reproduce and produce a toxin that kills or mutates cells, bacteria is also self sufficient. Viruses A virus is a small capsule that contains DNA or RNA, viruses, unlike bacteria are not self sufficient and need a host in order to reproduce I.E a human body. When a virus enters the body, it enters some certain cells and takes over making the now host cell make the parts the virus needs to reproduce, the cells are eventually destroyed through this process.
P1: Explain how infections are caused by different pathogens: * Bacteria * Fungi * Protozoa * Parasites * Viruses Bacteria: Pathogens are microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria and these cause diseases in the body. Bacteria is a pathogen and are microscopic living cells that multiply at a rapid speed, once inside the body they spread toxins making the individual ill. Bacteria can cause diseases such as; * food poisoning * cholera * typhoid * whooping cough * gonorrhoea - a sexually transmitted disease Bacteria can travel in many things such as food, water or even through the air. For example if an individual is sitting next to someone that keeps on sneezing, the individual will eventually
Parasites survive by feeding from its host. 1.2 Bacteria, common illnesses caused by bacteria are MRSA, Salmonella, Legionnaires disease, food poisoning, Pneumonia and Bronchitis. Viruses, common viruses are A common cold, measles, chicken pox and HIV. Fungi, common fungi are, Athletes foot, Ringworm and yeast infection. Parasites, common parasites are, Malaria and worms.
1.3 What is meant by…. Infection~ A term used for an illness that has been caused by a harmful organism/bacteria. Colonisation~ This term is to identify when bad bacteria can be present but is causing no illness or harm to the carrier. 1.4 Systemic infection~ This is where an infection affects all the body and also the cognitive matter and can make the whole body feel unwell like chest/urine infections or septicemia. Localised infection~ Is where the pain can be pinpointed and is coming from the cause itself and the area that it homes at, this would be things like cuts/wounds to the skin or an ingrown toenail.
Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms (animals, plants, bacteria). The average virus is about one one-hundredth the size of the average bacterium. Most viruses