The Influences of Nature: an Archetypal Approach to Frankenstein

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The Influences of Nature: An Archetypal Approach to Frankenstein Subconscious decisions often reflect the subliminal influences of life. Such effects can stem from many impacts, but in literature, they frequently follow the archetypal design. Archetypes, though sometimes overlooked, dominate the structures of literature. Whether intentionally or unintentionally, almost all authors include forms of archetypal representations in their works. Northrop Frye describes these archetypes as “any important symbol or image, such as the sea or the rose, which cannot remain without any single literary text, but extends its significance throughout the whole of literature” (Dubois 2). In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, she places a large emphasis on the description of nature, and she too follows several typical archetypal patterns, including those laid out by Northrop Frye. In each story that is told – that of Robert Walton’s, Victor Frankenstein’s, and the monster’s – Shelley shadows many archetypes with her accentuation of atmospheric illustrations. The character of Robert Walton, hungry for scientific discovery, introduces the novel on his voyage to the Arctic, and his melancholic contemplations mirror the frozen climate surrounding him. His letters to his sister are soaked with words of loneliness and a desire for companionship. The chilly air reminds him of the extent of his journey and he recognizes he must spend it alone, “encompassed as [he is] by frost and snow” and “bitterly feel[ing] the want of a friend” (Shelley 18). Northrop Frye’s archetype of winter evoking troublesome situations is apparent in this part of Walton’s journey. Frye describes the winter as the “dissolution phase” where “myths of the defeat of the hero” are apparent (Frye 105). Shelley uses the archetype of winter – and all of the consequences it brings – to represent Walton’s uncertainty

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