The abnormalities include facial deformities and defective limbs, face and heart. Most of these children are below average in intelligence. In one study, however, even mothers who drank moderately during pregnancy had babies who were less attentive and alert, with the effects still present at four years of age. Cigarette smoking by pregnant women can also adversely influence prenatal development, birth and postnatal development. Fetal and neonatal deaths are higher among smoking mothers.
Marcus also shows signs of learning difficulties, and limited communication skills. These problems could have developed by Tiffany smoking habit while pregnant. This paper will discuss the risks and developmental complication, the long-term disorder, potential issues for the child during later development, and the relationship between my findings and the developmental history case. Risks and Developmental Complication During Tiffany pregnancy she smoked at least four cigarettes a day, she informed me in the interview she tried several times to quick smoking but fail at every attempt, she was aware of the complications that could happen to her unborn child. Nicotine exposure has been shown to increase risk for inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity (Massaro, Rothbaum & Aly, 2006).
A case study is examined to illustrate possible approaches to care and personal reflections of the author will be shared regarding issues of teenage pregnancy. In 2009 almost 410,000 infants were born to United States teenage girls between the ages of 15 and 19. Nearly two-thirds of births to women younger than 18 and more than half of those among 18 and 19-year-olds were a result of unintended pregnancies (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). This represents a teen birth rate as much as nine times greater than other developed countries and is especially high among black and Hispanic teens in southern states (Vital signs: teen pregnancy, 2011). Those at highest risk of teen pregnancy are girls from single parent homes, families with low socioeconomic status, and girls with a sister who became pregnant as a teenager (Talashek, Alba, & Patel, 2006).
Neonatal lupus occurs in infants whose mothers have lupus (New York Times Health Guide). When a pregnant woman has lupus, she can pass it on to her son or daughter, and if the child gets neonatal lupus he or she could have skin problems, rashes, liver problems, or low blood cell counts, and some could even have serious heart defects (New York Times Health Guide). The only good news about neonatal lupus is that it is very rare, so the chances of having a child with it are very low (New York Times Health
For Teenagers who fall pregnant, it is difficult to juggle the insecurities of teenage hood with learning basic parenting skills. As a result, teenage parents often consider abortion. Statistics show that New Zealand has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the world, with around fifty girls in every thousand falling pregnant. Of these pregnancies, about half result in abortion. An advantage of putting a parenting licence in place will be to educate these teenagers on basic parenting skills to qualify them to raise a child, avoiding such abortions.
Like many substances, the effects of Ritalin are dose-dependent. Therapeutic dosage begins at 5 to 10 mg, one to three times a day, for children over six, but does not exceed 60 mg daily, even in adults. Heavily dependent recreational users may take hundreds of milligrams per day, increasing their dose as they build a tolerance to the desired effects”. http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/ritalin.asp. In low doses, mothers experience loss of appetite, wakefulness, alertness, and euphoria; all of which are desired results mothers are seeking.
Two hundred of the chemicals are poisons and at least 69 cause cancer and other diseases (Tobacco Smoke Pollution). Smoking is especially dangerous to women during pregnancy. The chemicals and toxins go into a woman's bloodstream, her baby’s only source of oxygen and nutrients (Smoking During Pregnancy). Another danger of smoking is smoking before surgery. “Smoking before surgery puts you at a higher risk for postoperative heart attacks, blood clots, pneumonia and even death,” says general surgeon Kevin El-Hayek, MD.
Pregnant Addicts 1 Pregnant drug addicts should be prosecuted because when using drugs while pregnant can cause birth defect, behavioral problems, and addiction. Using drugs not only harms the baby it also harms the carrier. Hundreds of babies are affected each year, because their parents chose to use while being pregnant. Birth Defects: Babies that are subjected to drugs have a higher rate of being born with a birth defect. Birth Defects enable the child to be fully developed.
1. Information on Congenital Heart Defects More than 32,000 infants (one out of every 125 to 150) are born with heart defects each year in the United States. The defect may be so slight that the baby appears healthy for many years after birth, or so severe that its life is in immediate danger. Heart defects are among the most common birth defects, and are the leading cause of birth defect-related deaths. However, advances in diagnosis and surgical treatment over the past 40 years have led to dramatic increases in survival for children with serious heart defects.
Some 70 percent of all women in China use contraception. Puberty tends to start earlier as countries develop and children’s diets improve; in China the starting age has fallen from 14 ½ to 12 ½. Meanwhile the average age of marriage has edged up, from 20 to 22, extending to the time that many young people can be sexually active but unmarried. The abortions rate among young, single women is rising. It is a moral outrage to have a child before marriage than it is to have the shame associated with an abortion.