The Determination of the Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar

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Table of content No | Title | Pages | 1 | Abstract | 2 | 2 | Introduction | 2,3 | 3 | Objectives | 3 | 4 | Theory | 4,5 | 5 | Apparatus | 6 | 6 | Experimental procedure | 7,8 | 7 | Results | 8 - 13 | 8 | Sample calculations | 14 - 17 | 9 | Discussion | 18,19 | 10 | Conclusion | 19 | 11 | Recommendations | 20 | 12 | References | 20 | 13 | Appendices | 20 | Abstract Acetic acid is an organic compound with chemical formula CH3COOH. Apart from water, acetic acid is the main component of vinegar. In this experiment, the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar can be determined by performing titration process. In the first experiment , solution of KHP is being titrated with NaOH solution. To get accurate result, this titration process are repeated for another two times. The entire procedure by which we obtain the molarity of a solution of one substance (NaOH) from an accurately known amount of another substance (KHP) is called standardization. The average molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution will be used in the next experiment. The second experiment is conducted to determine the molarity of acetic acid and mass percent in vinegar. 100mL of distilled water was added to 10mL of vinegar and followed by 1mL of NaOH was pour into the solution. The average volume of NaOH required to neutralize the vinegar in each titration is 12.22mL .The experiment was completely and successfully done. Introduction Concentration of solution is the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent. A concentrated solution contains a relatively large quantity of solute in a given amount of solvent. Dilute solutions contain relatively little solute in a given amount of solvent. There are two specific terms to express concentration , namely molarity and percent by mass : Molarity is the number of moles of solute per litre of solution . Molarity ( M ) : moles of

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