Throughout many centuries of dominance, the auspicious Roman Empire accomplished great achievements. These achievements both on, and off the battlefield required the dedication and faith of the whole Roman society to the Emperors. Acquiring such commitment was completed through the notion of numen. Numen is defined as a spirit believed to inhabit an object or preside over a place. The idea of numen enabled the Emperors to maintain their power over the public.
The central factor in this transition is the reforms that were brought about by the Etruscan kings, who did more than just establish highly durable public works and build better buildings. Precisely Tarquin and Servius Tullius reformed Rome to make it stronger, as well as, more compact than before. Initially, the Roman people included only those descendants who belonged to the three tribes that originally settled in the Rome hills, commonly referred to as the patricians. This meant that no one else in Rome could enjoy political rights and privileges because they were for the interests of the patricians exclusively. However, the number of Plebeians (non-patrician members in Rome who sought refuge or were war captives) grew with time, and because they could own property, some became wealthy and wanted to be equal to the patricians.
His attempt to revive the Roman Empire was a successful one, both in terms of power and longevity. Justinian’s legacy would be that of the most successful Emperor of the Byzantine Empire. The empire expanded under Justinian because of his ability to pick exceptional advisors. The men that he gave power to owed this to him, and were very loyal. Despite many periods of financial and military crisis where the empire faced threats from all sides, it always managed to come through, often due to the Emperor’s advisors.
Culture traveled along the road, and religions like Buddhism and Christianity came about. Octavian knew what the people of Rome wanted, and became a successful ruler as a result of giving them what they wanted. He communicated well with them, and became one of the most popular Roman rulers ever. All of these rulers and empires attempted to deal with the problems that came about from trying to manage a civilization. Some were extremely successful, and others not so much.
All of the citizens could belong to the Assembly, and they voted by lottery because they thought election favored the rich, and they wanted it to be equal. They also had a system called the ostracism, in which the citizens would write the name of an undesirable politician and if they person's name appeared more than 6,000 times, he could be removed. The conflicts Athens and Sparta caused many important events in World History. Their lack of unity as a region hurt, but also at the same time helped both city-states and the region. Even though the city-states had many differences eventually they united as and are still united
Augustus paid lip service to many of the Republican institutions in the Roman government, with the main institution being the Senate in my opinion. This could be in fact due to the ability of the Senators power to overthrow him if they were in a disagreement of some sort. The generosities Augustus lists in the Res Gestae points to the many times he gifts the populace and the soldiers of Rome. One could deduce how Augustus more or less flaunts his power and money to try and gain the favor of the people, without actually caring what they may think. Gifting the soldiers keeps them in high morale and respect for his authority, so as to be willing to go to battle under any condition Augustus sees fit.
This bond lead to Roman citizens to be much more supportive of people, and created an organized society. This way of living lead Rome’s government to being more politically strengthened and less centralized. Han China and Imperial Rome differed in their way of selecting political leaders, but both empires had someone in power to watch over their empires. The Mandate of Heaven and divinity from nature applied when choosing the Han China emperor. Throughout the tears, emperors were chosen from heredity genes.
Evaluate the significance of the Gallic Wars in the Career of Julius Caesar Julius Caesar’s involvement in the Gallic Wars was a vital factor in his successful career, it had a major impact on both his military and political status. Caesar’s involvement in the Gallic wars was a daring and ambitious move, as per his financial circumstances at the time. However, it was a necessary decision if he were “to make a career at all” [Plutarch]. The Gallic Wars was an opportunity Caesar utilized to obtain a proconsular command that would propel his rise to power and status. The military strength and wealth he gained through his conquests in Gaul would pave his way to a successful career.
The Spartans' extreme denial of individuality fostered a powerful sense of belonging that other Greeks envied, and Sparta continues to cast an eerie spell over historians, philosophers, and political scientists even in an age that tends to recoil from totalitarianism. Despite the interest the Spartans sparked in their contemporaries, it is surprisingly difficult to write the history of Sparta And of its surrounding territory, Laconia. The problem is not lack of sources. Though unfortunately all the sources concentrate on upper-class and royal Spartiates and provide little information about the majority of the population of the territory of Laconia--the servile masses known as helots and the large disfranchised free class known as perioikoi --still the volume of ancient writing on Sparta is large. In the course of their narratives on Greek history, the two greatest Greek historians, Herodotus and Thucydides, reveal a
Roman strategies allowed Rome to control their towns with ease. The Roman imperial army was undefeated in any major campaigns. Records have even shown Roman feats when they were outnumbered. The soldiers’ desire for recognition and promotion played a big factor in this of course. The soldiers would charge off to fight by enemy forts afraid of what the other men would think of them.