Snakes On An Inclined Plane

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Physics 235 Snakes on an Inclined Plane A June 8, 2009 article in LiveScience magazine describes how David Hu and a team of researchers at Georgia Tech determined how snakes move on a flat surface. Their findings reveal that the friction of snakes’ belly scales, along with weight distribution, is the main cause of their forward locomotion. These seemingly complex movements of living creatures can be interpreted and explained with the Newtonian physics of a general mechanics class. Dr. Hu and his team devised a theoretical model to describe snakes’ movement by observing their slithering and experimentally measuring their skins’ coefficients of friction. To do this they first tested the snakes’ scale friction by placing them in 9 different orientations from 0° to 180° on both a smooth inclined plane and a cloth covered plane whose roughness matched that of the snakes’ scales. The edge of the plane was then lifted until the snakes began to slide. For the coarse board, they found that the unconscious snakes slid forward quite easily but were much more resistance to sliding tailwards or towards their flank. On the smooth board, the snakes slid in each direction with the same ease. The static friction coefficient for the snakes’ belly scales was obtained from the critical angle at which the snakes began to slide—the angle being the smallest if the snakes were sliding forward, intermediate for sliding trailwards and the greatest for sliding toward their flank. This difference in the magnitude of friction depending on the direction in which it is measured is called frictional anisotropy. The interaction between the frictional anisotropy of a snake’s belly scales and its internal body forces determined the snake’s motion. A snake’s center of mass was determined to be a function of the speed and size of its body waves, with the motion of the center of mass
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