In turn, black pupils felt teachers underestimated their ability and picked on them. Gilborn and Youdell conclude that much of the conflict between white teachers and black pupils stem from the racial stereotypes that teachers hold, rather than the pupil’s actual behaviour. This disadvantages pupils because they are treated differently, which could result in their failure and even exclusion from school. As Jenny Bourne 1994) found that schools tend to see black boys as a threat and label them
For example, Wright (1992) found that teachers perceived and treated minority ethnic pupils differently from white pupils. Afro-Caribbean boys were often expected to behave badly and they received a disproportionate amount of negative teacher attention. Other sociologists claim that non-school factors such as family structure and home background have a greater impact on the educational achievement of different ethnic groups. Assess the claim that ‘ethnic differences in educational achievement are primarily the result of school factors’ (20 marks) Patterns of ethnic achievement are complex, cross-cut by gender and social class. For example Black, Pakistani and Bangladeshi students do worst compared to Indians and Chinese who do best.
How far did conditions for black Americans improve in the period 1945-56? Civil right was a major issue in America during 1945-56, especially in the Deep South. This was because conditions of African Americans didn’t improve much, it was mainly the start to any change that happened, with some limited progress. The first issue is ‘Jim crow’ laws; this was a law in the Southern states of America that introduced segregation between black and white people, by passing laws which denied them access to white facilities. Many of these facilities were, education, healthcare, transport, cinemas, restaurants and churches and even housing and estates were segregated.
The Achievement Gap: Urban vs. Suburban Schools The public school systems goal in the United States is to provide every child with equal education. Unfortunately somewhere along the lines the education system in our country has failed to provide this equal education to many of our children, especially minority. It isn’t that the education is not there, but many other things such as urban parents, teachers, and the urban society itself affect a child’s education. When looking at the mandatory test scores of minority inner city students, specifically African American students, they are significantly lower than White American suburban students, hence the achievement gap.
Gillborn and Youdell (2000) found that teachers expected black pupils to present more discipline problems and misinterpreted their behaviour as threatening or as a challenge to authority. When teachers acted on this misperception, pupils would respond negatively leading to further conflict. Black pupils felt that the teachers underestimated their ability and picked on them. Therefore, according to Gillborn and Youdell much of the conflict between white teachers and black pupils
The Brown v. Board of Education case was a huge turning point in for the United States. Before the Brown v. Board of Education case, everything had been segregated. Separate schools and restaurants were built for black and white. Interracial relationships were frowned upon. White people were thought to be superior to black people.
The areas of society affected by segregation included churches, hospitals, theatres and schools. Black people had the worst jobs and the poorest standard of education. Black people also found it difficult to register to vote because of the following: * Poll Tax – A tax had to be paid in order to be able to vote, and most black people were too poor to pay the tax. * Literacy Tests (reading) –
The Supreme Court argued that the segregation of education had a negative effect on those who were black as it made them feel less worthy and could influence low self-esteem among those who were black. The Supreme Court realised other important things such as the fact that America was changing as were the attitudes of some Americans as there was a growth in black middle class, they also realised that for over 60 years the Southern States had failed to provide education that was actually equal, they became aware that the education that they were providing for blacks did not meet the ideals that they were fighting for in the Cold War and lastly the verdict of the supreme court was reached because of a change of leadership in the Supreme Court, the new leader Earl Warren was much more sympathetic towards civil rights than the
This act of civil disobidience was an affective act because later segregation was considered unconsitutional. Segregation in the south during this time was very difficult. The blacks were the main target for anything. They could not attend the same schools as the whites, had different sides to sit in the resturants, had to drink out of different water fountains, and used different bathrooms. Usually, if there were two sets of water fountains the blacks was not refridgerated and was mounted lower
In nullifying the “separate but equal” doctrine set by the Plessy v. Ferguson case, the high court had struck a blow to segregation. Yet southern racist practices were deeply entrenched and many whites remained adamantly opposed to change. The implements of Brown remained painstakingly slow, if not nonexistent. Many school officials refused to comply with the ruling, and the threat of harassment—for the ruling had unleashed fierce resistance—prevented many black students from enrolling in all-white schools. At the same time, schools for black students remained overcrowded and grossly inferior to those that their white counterparts enjoyed.