For example, in the south, Jim Crow laws prevented blacks from marrying whites. Also, black literacy rates were low in the south because they were not offered the same educational opportunities as whites; states spent ten times more money on white schools than black schools. Also, blacks were expected to address white men as ‘master’ or ‘sir’ whilst being referred to as ‘boy’ themselves. They faced both de facto and de jure discrimination in the south. Also, black housing was significantly worse than white housing – 40% of black housing was substandard whilst only 12% of white housing was.
Education was also a big factor resulting in limited progress of improving the status of African-Americans because they consistently received a lower standard of education. As mentioned earlier this was a result of the Separate But Equal doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson and Cunningham v. The Board of Education. Although, clearly stated in the doctrine it was far from equal, the white schools received more funding, better teachers and superior facilities than the schools for black children. This limited the status of African-Americans as they were never taught to the standard that was acceptable to go to university meaning that they could not go on to get a career in a highly skilled job. However, Sweet v. Painter in 1950 demonstrated that Separate But Equal was not being applied correctly but it was not until Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka in 1954 that
Statistics show that more than three fourths of children enrolled in certain city school systems are black or Hispanic. It is very unlikely to find white students in these schools. Numerous Americans who do not live in major cities do not know how segregated these urban schools really are. They believe that the inequalities in the school systems have gotten better, when in reality it is the opposite. Certain schools that take after the name of Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and other honored leaders are not diverse.
According to the American Academy of Political & Social Science, “America’s prisons and jails have become repositories for high school dropouts, thereby obscuring the degree of disadvantage faced by black men in the contemporary United States and the relative competitiveness of the U.S. workforce”. “Furthermore, evidence shows that spending time in jail affects future wages of minorities at a greater rate than white ex-cons” (2014). By no means, it should be suggested that because an individual is uneducated they will end up in prison. Although, the evidence does show that the majority of offenders are usually high school dropouts. According to Rumberger (2001), “intervention strategies should be put in place that focuses on providing resources that supports, strengthens, or restructure the families, schools, and communities of potential dropouts.
Basically all of the South’s resources were going to hell. Uncertain economic times make it pretty hard to make a living. African Americans found themselves to be politically limited during this time as Southern states passed laws that limited their access to exercise their right to vote. Literacy tests were used to keep blacks away from ballot boxes, as some states limited the right to vote to those who could pass a literacy test; a large majority of slaves had never learned to read or write. Not surprisingly, white voters were often given easier passages than blacks.
One of the hottest topics is the SAT scores. Clinton said that the SAT is a good prediction of success in college, but they in fact are not perfects predictions. The debate about Affirmative Action is because the law is not applied fairly example where a couple years ago three minority students got accepted in Penn State University with paid tuition and they were not successful during the whole semester. Now this was a waist of money that other students could have used for their tuition. There is still a lot of discrimination in this society that we live today, specially towards blacks and latinos.
Brian Partee SOCY2000-Ethnic Minorities in the U.S. Dr. Bram Hamovitch 5/4/2009 3. Race as a Class Herbert J. Gans in “Race as a Class” explains how the human population as a whole is considered one race by sociologists and most biologists, but subsequently, different races were socially constructed based on skin color and social class beginning during the colonization period. Certain white ethnics were initially seen as inferior to whites but were eventually accepted as whites as they became more financially successful and moved up the social hierarchy, while blacks tended to seemingly be trapped toward the bottom of the ladder in terms of social structure, education, and financial freedom. However, the color barrier can be
It’s a diagnostic test of how much you know and how well you take tests. It has been seen that there are differences in score due to race, economic status, and gender. The verbal section of the SAT I also discriminates against non-English speaking test takers as they find the analogy section extremely difficult (SAT I Not Best Indicator of Success). It would also have an affect with other sections of the test because they may not understand the directions or interpret something differently from the English speaking test takers. The percentage of blacks eligible for admissions for UCLA has doubled in recent year, yet fewer than one hundred blacks are expected to enroll this fall.
Kayla Daniels March 3rd, 2011 In America segregation in schools used to be the normal way of life to the whites but for blacks it was unfair and they wanted dramatic change. In the year of 1962 in the city of New Rochelle, the superintendent and the New Rochelle Board of Education faced a class action by eleven African American students; stating that they were gerrymandering the elementary schools in the district in order to make a school with only black students "Lincoln Elementary". Prior to the civil rights movement many African Americans never stood up for their rights until now. Racism plays a key role for the outcome of why these schools no longer exist. Without protests, riots and many other strong
Regardless of the fact that parental support is of great importance for a students’ academic achievement, studies have shown that a greater part of a minorities parents have lacked support for their children in spite of faculty and staff motivation to do so. Karen Mason, president of the Association for Career and Technical Education communicated that numerous at-risk student’s lack parental support and often have a low academic self-concept; consequently, pushing students to often struggle in school. Also “A study conducted by researchers at Duke University in 2005 found that underrepresented minorities constitute 28.2 percent of the U.S. population; 12.5 percent of the entire applicant pool of 18 national schools; but minority legacy applicants only accounted for 6.7 percent of the applicant pool. The researchers concluded that legacies today reflect the domination of whites that have in their words, “monopolized” higher education throughout history. Legacy preferences fail to substantially increase racial and ethnic diversity in colleges and universities.” Declared John C. Britain a professor of law at the University of the District of Columbia School of Law.