Alik Dukoyan AS History “How important was printing to the success of Lutheranism?” Printing press, which was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1436, supposed to be one of the most revolutionary impacts in the Church’s Reformation. It is obvious that through the printing, ideas and words had spread faster and it made all views of reformers accessible to public. Some argues that this invention helped Martin Luther, the Father of Reformation and the creator of Lutheranism, to try to influence and inspire people to protest the current incongruous ‘behavior’ of the Church, as he initially supported against it. This essay will evaluate how printing was important to the success of Lutheranism. Undoubtedly, the printing press, which was initially perfected in Mainz, Germany in 1452, had the prominent and significant role for the spread of the Martin Luther’s ideas.
The Baroque Movement in Northern Europe and Italy Artists of Rome and of Northern Europe shock viewers with emotionally-profound works using Baroque art style. The Baroque movement has been interpreted differently between Northern Europe and Italy. The works produced by Northern Europe’ s most prolific artists leave religious approbation open to scientific interrogation and, most importantly, remind us to live in happiness. Meanwhile, artists appointed under the will of the Catholic Church (in Italy) are producing marvelous works-intended to strike emotion and feeling through spiritual cognition. I was fortuitous to have witnessed some of the most prolific art of our time spanning from Northern Europe to Italy.
Because more people were following the great religious movement, more people were motivated to join groups they felt were reflected their beliefs. The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival in the late eighteenth and early to mid nineteenth century. It was confined primarily to the northern region of the United States. The movement was based on the belief that “heaven on earth” was possible here on earth through laborious effort. A prominent leader, Charles Finney, argued against the Calvinist belief that our lives were predetermined; he also argued against French deism, which was linked with the French Revolution.
By 1700 in English North America, there was an establishment of a unique Anglo-American society in which religion, race and ethnicity, agriculture, and socio-economic class were fundamental in its creation. Although these factors collectively aided in the foundation of Anglo-America, the religion of the colonists played the most important role in this process. Religion was a central motif in the inception of Anglo-American life. Without religion, the motive for a large amount of immigrants to migrate would have been non-existent; making the colonies nothing more than a tiny hiccup in the English historical timeline. All of these factors were brought out in David Freeman Hawke’s Everyday Life in Early America, a detailed chronology of the life of the colonists.
Failures of the Second Great Awakening were small. They included ones such as Christian clergymen not being able to stop the Sunday mail so people can focus on god that day. Important leaders in this movement were Charles Brandison (evangelical leader who emphasized person conversion experiences and gave intense sermons), Barton W. Stone (another very effective preacher of the awakening), and Alexander and Thomas Campbell (Alexander was a leader, Thomas was a Presbyterian minister). The main cause of educational reform was the new thought brought about by the Enlightenment Movement. This movement is essentially why the US became an independent country and with its independence and the new style of thinking, new ideas like a desire to institute mandatory public education came about.
Soon after, the two religions fought for power and later on in the century, the Protestant religion became prominent and the rivalry with Spain (Catholic) intensified. 2. Explain how conditions in England in the 1600s made it “ripe” to colonize North America. Religious intolerance and social stratification in Europe made many people yearn for new opportunities to be found in America. Because of religious intolerance, people wanted to escape the persecution and go to the new world so they could live their lives freely.
The Freedom of Press gave colonists the right to write and publish articles that may be considered controversial and that attack government officials. Though the Zenger case did not give complete freedom to the colonies, it gave them the courage to make bigger risks. The Great Awakening in the first decades of the 18th century caused a religious feeling among many people. The Great Awakening had an enormous impact on religion in the colonies. Colonists were confessing their guilt and sin and then wallowing in the thought of being “saved.” The Great Awakening increased religious diversity and the separation of church and state.
The religion of Christianity promoted enlightened people to question the ideology of their God and lean more towards a scientific method in order to look at the world around them. The church used superstition, threats of eternal damnation, and promises of heaven, to control masses of ignorant people in Europe, since the time of the crusades. It represented a wealthy capitalist organization, like a huge cooperation, exploiting the spiritual needs common to many humans especially at that time period. A great example of how Christianity stifled social change is the idea that the earth was the center of the solar system. Astronomers such as Galileo knew that the sun was the center rather than the earth, but the church suppressed new ideas and new information from reaching the people.
The emergence of Wishart’s protégé John Knox in the pre-reformation years further illustrate the Catholic faith’s need for reform following centuries of hypocrisy, immoral behaviour, abuses of power and nepotism and this is clearly shown by the text from Hamilton. A staunch supporter of the monarch, Archbishop Hamilton saw the predicament facing his Queen on her return with the political and religious forums beginning to incorporate Protestantism and with its influence spreading further through society, he possibly viewed this as an opportunity to get back to basics, to stem the flow and to return his flock to pious deeds under the Catholic strand of Christianity. Another possible reason for this text may lie in the Regency of Mary of Guise and the increasing French influence once again in the Scottish Royal Court coupled with Cardinal Beaton’s overzealous hunting of heretics in the years prior to his murder creating definite anti-French, anti-Catholic feeling
“Men, Women and Schools of thought love have reformed and/or revitalized the Christian Tradition” This statement remarkably reflects on Martin Luther’s impact on Christianity. Martin Luther generated significant effects on Christianity in his life time and in the present through institutional, theological and liturgical impacts. His influences has resulted in immense change in Christian denomination’s reforming and revitalizing their dynamic beliefs towards Christianity. Martin Luther’s disagreement with the Roman Catholic Church’s teaching of Selling Indulgences caused the different changes within Christianity and hugely impacted the foundation of the Protestant Reformation. He objected to the activities of the Church and attacked doctrines of indulgences and penance and published